吗啡

Part 1 :abstract : Long-term neuropsychological abnormality has been documen ted in child born to morphine addicted mothers, but the mechanism of this phen omenon until now is not clear. Our previous ligand binding study has shown tha t combined prenatal and postnatal chronic treatment of morphine could alter th e ontogenic expression of the NMDA receptor.

中文摘要第一部份长期给予母鼠吗啡对於其幼鼠脑部NMDA receptor 各亚型表现的影响中文摘要吗啡成瘾的母亲所生的小孩常会有著长期神经、精神异常的现象，然而引发的机制尚未明了。

These results indicate that the brain endogenous opioid system seems to play a major role in the modulation of the micturition threshold and the frequency, whereas in the spinal region, enkephalinergic neurons seem to control the activity of sacral preganglionic neurons.

这些结果显示，脑部之内吗啡系统的抑制作用，主要和排尿反射阂值之调控有关，而脊髓部位的内吗啡系统则可直接对副交感神经节前神经元造成抑制性作用。

Morphine with or without clonidine and i.v. postoperative patient-controlled analgesia morphine for analgesia after radical retropubic prostatectomy.

单独应用吗啡或联合可乐定与静脉以病人自控镇痛应用吗啡对行耻骨后根治性前列腺切除患者的术后镇痛作比较。

These findings suggest that NC (13-17) may play important roles in pain modulation at supraspinal level in mice and elicits these effects through a novel mechanism independent of the NC receptor and the traditional opioid receptors The bioactivity study of NC related peptide-NST showed that: NST could dose-dependently reverse the effects of NC in antagonizing EMs-induced analgesia; NST itself could increase the MAP and HVBR of rat, and the tension of rabbit isolated aorta muscle strips.

对孤啡肽相关肽—NST的生理活性研究发现，NST可以剂量依赖的拮抗NC对抗内吗啡肽-1和内吗啡肽-2的镇痛作用；NST对NC的降低大鼠平均动脉压作用无显著影响，但其本身可以升高大鼠的平均动脉压，后肢灌流压和离体血管条的张力，在心血管系统方面是一个新的生物活性肽。

No alterations of BDNF and their mRNA in the ventral tegmental area and the nucleus accumbens were detected.

吗啡戒断组NAc脑区内Bcl-2及其mRNA的表达较吗啡依赖组显著增加，均达到统计学意义。

The dose of morphine administered was 0.16 ± 0.10 mg/kg and the median number of boluses was 3. Pain relief was obtained in 512 (82%) patients. Morphine-induced adverse events occurred in 67 patients (11%) without severe adverse event. Titration was interrupted before pain relief had been obtained in 107 (17%) patients. In the remaining 514 patients, pain relief was obtained in 507 (99%) patients.

结果吗啡使用的剂量是0.16+-0.1mg/kg，其弹丸式注射的中位剂量是3mg.512名患者(82%)疼痛得到缓解，67名患者(11%)发生了吗啡导致的不良事件，但是没有严重的不良事件。107名患者（17%）在疼痛缓解之前滴定终止了，在余下的514名患者中507人（99%）疼痛缓解。

These results suggest that morphine withdrawal selectively impairs the cued fear extinction through inhibiting the ERK phosphorylation in the amygdale and mPFC. Histamine deficiency not only enhances acquisition the cued and contextual fear conditioning and but also potentiates the impairment of extinction of cued fear memory.

这些结果提示：吗啡戒断能选择性抑制恐惧记忆的消除，此作用是通过抑制杏仁核和mPFC脑区内ERK蛋白磷酸化来实现的；组胺缺乏能增强线索和背景恐惧记忆的获得以及增强吗啡戒断对线索恐惧记忆消除的抑制作用。

A white pigment consisting of a mixture of zinc sulfide, zinc oxide, and barium sulfate.

效果没有吗啡强烈的吗啡的提取物；用于催吐剂和止痛剂。

Histamine deficiency markedly potentiated the acquisition of learning in cued and contextual fear conditioning in the HDCKO mice,but had no effect on cued and contextual fear extinction.However,histamine deficiency potentiated the inhibitory role of morphine withdrawal in cued fear extinction.Consistent with the behavioral results,morphine withdrawal decreased ERK phosphorylation in the amygdala and mPFC but not in the hippocampus of WT and HDCKO mice,and ERK might not be phosphorylad in the amygdale and mPFC of HDCKO mice after the 4th training of cued fear extinction.

但HDCKO小鼠增强了吗啡戒断对线索恐惧记忆消除的抑制作用，与行为学实验结果相一致是，，吗啡戒断能明显降低WT和HDCKO小鼠在线索恐惧记忆消除第4次训练后杏仁核和mPFC脑区的ERK磷酸化水平，但对海马脑区的ERK磷酸化没有作用；HDCKO小鼠在线索恐惧记忆消除训练的第4次训练后杏仁核、mPFC脑区的ERK蛋白没有明显磷酸化激活。

Meperidine is one of the most commonly used opioid for the relief of acute pain. However, this full opioid-agonist may also cause several adverse effects related to its pharmacological actions, including the less-recognized serotonin syndrome.

Meperidine是一个最普遍使用的吗啡类急性疼痛止痛剂，但是，此吗啡受体促动剂也可能导致若干药理学的不良反应，包括不易辨识的血清素症候群。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐