吗啡

The affected chicks acquired the morphine conditioned place preference more quickly, and maintained it much longer. Experiment 3 showed that during E5-8, injecting delta receptor antagonist naltrindole reversed the learning and memory impairment caused by morphine while delta receptor agonist DPDPE impaired learning and partial memory function. On the other hand, mu opioid receptors had little effect. As for E17-20, given naloxonazine can reverse the increases of susceptibility to morphine, and the mu receptor agonist DAGO cause the increases of susceptibility to morphine. Delta receptors have no effect.

研究结果发现：经过对鸡胚发育不同时间段的吗啡给药，胚胎期发育E5-8阶段给予吗啡的小鸡学习记忆受损最为严重，表现为学习和记忆功能的严重下降；而E17-20时段吗啡给药的小鸡更容易获得吗啡CPP且保持时间更长。E5-8阶段给予delta受体拮抗剂natrindole能够翻转吗啡对学习和记忆的损害作用，并且给予delta受体激动剂DPDPE也损害学习和部分记忆功能，mu受体作用不大。E17-20阶段拮抗mu受体能够抑制成瘾易感性的增加，激动mu受体可以增加小鸡的成瘾易感性，delta受体没有明显作用。

The present study explored the effects of morphine on plasticity of spinal cord in three parts as follows: 1. the effects of morphine on dorsal root terminal in spinal lamina Ⅱ of spared root rat---- a quantitative study by FRAP histochemistry; 2. the effects of morpnine on synaptic reinnervation in spinal lamine Ⅱ of spared root rat----an EM quantitative study and 3. the effects of morphine on collateral sprouting of nerve fiber in spared root of rat----an EM quantitative study

本课题从三个方面探讨了吗啡对脊髓可塑性的影响：1、吗啡对备用根大鼠脊髓Ⅱ板层背根终末的影响——抗氟化物酸性磷酸酶组化定量研究；2、吗啡对备用根大鼠脊髓Ⅱ板层突触重建的影响——电镜定量研究；3、吗啡对大鼠备用根神经纤维侧支出芽的影响——电镜定量研究。

Because the morphine content in the mown poppy pod was relatively low for the geographical origin identification of the poppy, the unknown poppy pod was suggested to be used to achieve the aim of morphine 〓C determination by GC-C-IRMS.

2罂粟壳中吗啡提取方法的研究研究了从罂粟壳中提取吗啡的方法，所选的三种提取方法均能达到从罂粟壳中提取吗啡的目的，吗啡提取率达90％以上。

Especially, the number of type Ⅰ complex terminals which come from unmyelinated afferent fibers recovered to the level of unoperated side. It indicates that morphine may promote the collateral sprouting and synaptic reinnervation of primary afferent fiber, unmyelinated afferent in particular. 4. Although the collateral sprouting and synaptic reinnervation were shown also in spinal cord of operated side in 34 days spared root rats, they were slower than that of morphine spared root group.

表明吗啡促进了备用根初级传入纤维，特别是无髓纤维更快地向L〓脊髓段侧支出芽，稍后在L〓平面脊髓内侧支出芽以及突触重建。4、34天备用根大鼠术侧脊髓内也有侧支出芽和突触重建，不过侧支出芽的速度要比吗啡组慢。5、电镜定量结果也显示，吗啡备用根大鼠和备用根大鼠术侧备用根的无髓纤维数比备用根大鼠非手术侧的分别增多60％和42％。

After unilateral lumbar rhizotomy, the FRAP positive area of the outermost part of contralateral lamina Ⅱ disappeared (that is,"the point of fishhook" disappeared), which indicates that some FRAP positive fibers cross from the operated side to terminate in the unoperated side.

虽然两组备用根大鼠非手术侧Ⅱ板层鱼钩状阳性反应区的钩尖有不同程度的缺失，但是吗啡组L〓阳性反应物面积大于非吗啡组，同时非手术侧L〓背根无髓纤维数也比非吗啡组非手术侧L〓背根增多50％。

Methods 80 cases were divided into control group and test group with 40 cases respectively. Epidural catheter was left in test group, connected with "Tuoren" patient-controlled epidural analgetic pump with dicaine 100 mg+morphine 10～15 mg+droperidol 5 mg,which were dissolved into NS to 100 ml. LCP model was as follows:morphine 2～3 mg, background dosage: 2 ml/h, PCA 0.5 ml each time; The control group injected morphine 3 mg through epidural conduit each time to relieve spasm and pain according to the symptoms to observe and record the effects and side effects. Results Test group:39 cases were with remarkable effect, 1 cases was common.

将80例前列腺术后随机分为试验组与对照组各40例，试验组术毕保留硬膜外导管，接国产&驼人牌&一次性患者自控硬膜外镇痛泵，药液配方为丁卡因100 mg+吗啡10～15 mg+氟哌啶5 mg加入生理盐水至100 ml，LCP模式（负荷量：吗啡2～3 mg，背景量：2 ml/h，PCA 0.5 ml/次）；对照组据疼痛症状经硬膜导管推注吗啡3 mg/次解痉止痛，观察并记录术后解痉镇痛效果及不良反应。

The GLDH gene expression showed a continuing reinforcing trend after morphine injection compared with control group, even after drug withdrawal. The ADA mRNA contents in morphine group Ⅰ,Ⅱ and withdrawal group Ⅰ,Ⅱ were 2.65,1.89,1.18, and 0.87-fold of that in control group dividedly. The ADA gene expression increased after morphine injection and fell gradually after withdrawal.

结果：吗啡Ⅰ、Ⅱ组及停药Ⅰ、Ⅱ组大鼠肝脏GLDH mRNA含量分别为对照组的1.02、1.09、1.16及1.46倍，吗啡给药大鼠肝脏中GLDH基因表达随给药时间延长而持续增强，自然停药一定时间内大鼠肝脏中GLDH mRNA含量仍持续增高；吗啡Ⅰ、Ⅱ组及停药Ⅰ、Ⅱ组大鼠肝脏ADA mRNA含量分别为对照组的2.65、1.89、1.18及0.87倍，吗啡Ⅰ、Ⅱ组大鼠肝脏ADA的基因表达均比对照组明显增高，自然停药后大鼠肝脏ADA表达逐渐下降，停药7 d时下降至接近对照组水平。

Thus, the analgesic effect of morphine injected into PAG was significantly attenuated by β-EP AS injected into the nucleus accumbens, and vice versa. This antagonistic effect was totally abolished by lesioning of the ARH. Moreover the analgesic effect of morphine injected into nucleus accumbens could be blocked byβ-EP AS administered te amygdala or habenula.

在PAG内注射吗啡产生的镇痛作用可被伏核内注射β-EP抗体所削弱，损毁家兔的ARH后这一对抗效应基本消失；在伏核内注射吗啡产生的镇痛作用可被PAG内注射β-EP抗体所对抗，损毁ARH后上述对抗效应基本消失；伏核内注射吗啡产生的镇痛作用亦可被杏仁核内或缰核内注射β-EP抗体所阻断。

Among of them, NC (1-13) NH〓, NC (1-5) NH〓 had the equivalent hyperalgesic effects to NC, however, the effects of NC (1-13) NH〓 was lower than that of them. All of them could antagonize the effects of endomorphins -induced analgesia like NC.

其中NC（1-13）NH〓和NC（1-5）NH〓与NC的效果相当，但NC（1-13）NH〓的作用要弱于NC；NC（1-13）NH〓、NC（1-5）NH〓和NC（1-13）NH〓与NC一样可以对抗吗啡、内吗啡肽-1和内吗啡肽-2的镇痛作用。

Among 55 addicts thus treated, 53 (96%) were ridded of opium smoking habit.

戒瘾方法是，以吗啡代替鸦片烟膏，在治疗中，一方面将吗啡减量，另一方面逐渐加弦补弦药，一直到吗啡完全消除。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。