向颊

The buccal frenum is also a fold of mucous membrane, but varies in shape from a single fold to a broad fan. The levator anguli oris muscle passes beneath it and its action affects its position, as does theorbicularis oris and the buccinator. The former pulls the frenum forwards, the latter backwards.

颊系带同样是一个粘膜皱襞，但形态，从一个细窄条带状到宽平如盘状而变化多样；提口角肌从其下通过，并在收缩时影响颊系带的位置；同样，口轮匝肌和咬肌，前者使颊系带向前，后者使其向后运动。

ABSTRACT:OBJECTIVETo study the correlation between anatomic structure of the inferior alveolar nerve canal and dental implantation by measuring mandible innervation esemplarsMETHODSThe intramandibular course of mandibular canal and its dimendion were measured in 15 mandibles with teeth; the relationship between blood vessel and nerve was observed in 5 fresh samples in which the artery was filled; and then the data were analyzed by statisticsRESULTSThe mandibular canal was close to the lingual side and the inferior margin of the mandible, the mandibular canal and the 10mm underside of mandible were parallel in the region of the first and the second molars, it runned outboard to genal aperture when it was hereabout genal aperture, and the blood vessel lay above nerve in the mandibular canalCONCLUSIONIn implant operation performed according to normal anatomy, injury to inferior alveolar nerve may be avoided.

［目的］探讨下颌管的解剖结构与牙种植的关系［方法］选取15具牙列完整的成人离体下颌骨标本和5具经过动脉血管内灌注的新鲜标本，测量下颌骨在每个牙位截面上有关牙槽嵴及下颌管的相关数据，进行统计学分析［结果］牙槽嵴顶以及下方10mm宽度由前向后逐渐增宽；牙槽嵴由上向下逐渐增宽；下颌管位于下颌骨体内下方走行中偏舌侧，并近下颌骨下缘，在下颌第1，2磨牙区下颌管走行与下颌下缘成平行状，在近颏孔处转向外和向颊侧出颏孔；下颌管内血管位于下牙槽神经之上［结论］牙种植术中按正常解剖部位并且侧重颊侧骨板操作，可避免损伤下牙槽神经；如果术中下颌管内突然涌出大量新鲜血液，则提示若继续手术可能损伤下牙槽神经。

ABSTRACT:OBJECTIVETo study the correlation between anatomic structure of the inferior alveolar nerve canal and dental implantation by measuring mandible innervation esemplarsMETHODS The intramandibular course of mandibular canal and its dimendion were measured in 15 mandibles with teeth; the relationship between blood vessel and nerve was observed in 5 fresh samples in which the artery was filled; and then the data were analyzed by statisticsRESULTSThe mandibular canal was close to the lingual side and the inferior margin of the mandible, the mandibular canal and the 10mm underside of mandible were parallel in the region of the first and the second molars, it runned outboard to genal aperture when it was hereabout genal aperture, and the blood vessel lay above nerve in the mandibular canalCONCLUSIONIn implant operation performed according to normal anatomy, injury to inferior alveolar nerve may be avoided.

［目的］探讨下颌管的解剖结构与牙种植的关系［方法］选取15具牙列完整的成人离体下颌骨标本和5具经过动脉血管内灌注的新鲜标本，测量下颌骨在每个牙位截面上有关牙槽嵴及下颌管的相关数据，进行统计学分析［结果］牙槽嵴顶以及下方10mm宽度由前向后逐渐增宽；牙槽嵴由上向下逐渐增宽；下颌管位于下颌骨体内下方走行中偏舌侧，并近下颌骨下缘，在下颌第1，2磨牙区下颌管走行与下颌下缘成平行状，在近颏孔处转向外和向颊侧出颏孔；下颌管内血管位于下牙槽神经之上［结论］牙种植术中按正常解剖部位并且侧重颊侧骨板操作，可避免损伤下牙槽神经；如果术中下颌管内突然涌出大量新鲜血液，则提示若继续手术可能损伤下牙槽神经。

In this research,MB2 root canals of the mesiobuccal root canal were found out by the rate of 35%and they were found obvious curve out by the rate of 91% in mesiodistal direction,83% in buccolingual direction.

本研究中有35%的标本探通了近颊根舌侧根管，其在近远中向、颊舌向出现明显弯曲的比例达91%、83%。

Distobuccal root canals were found obvious curve out by the rate of 80% in mesiodistal direction,45% in buccolingual direction.

远中颊侧根管在近远中方向有80%，颊舌方向有45%出现大于5°的明显弯曲，弯曲位置多位于根中1/3，且近远中向的弯曲明显大于颊舌向（P.05）。

MB1 root canals of the mesiobuccal root canals in maxillary molars were found obvious curve out by the rate of 82.5% in mesiodistal direction, 77.5% in buccolingual direction and there is no difference of curvature degree in the two directions.

结果：1上颌第一磨牙腭侧根管通畅、较直。2远中颊侧根管在近远中方向有80%，颊舌方向有45%出现大于5的明显弯曲，弯曲位置多位于根中1/3，且近远中向的弯曲明显大于颊舌向(P.05)。3上颌第一恒磨牙近中颊根颊侧根管在近远中方向、颊舌方向分别有82.5%、77.5%出现大于5的明显弯曲。

Specific massage means is: Double buccal, gyroidal by massage outside introversion; The skin between eyebrow, by fall to be played up batch; Area of nose lip channel, light graze is wiped; Frontal ministry chuck is attacked, by wipe to both sides close lightly in the forehead; Canthus arc is brushed; Eye week circle is kneaded; Buccal week circle is kneaded; Mandible skin appropriate is played batch; Finally, peck kowtow and flap double buccal ministry.

具体按摩方法是：双颊，螺旋形由内向外按摩；眉间皮肤，由下向上弹拨；鼻唇沟区域，轻轻擦抹；额部轻叩击，由额中向两边抿抹；眼角弧形擦抹；眼周圆形揉抹；口周圆形揉抹；下颌皮肤宜弹拨；最后，啄叩和拍打双颊部。

After giving perfusion 4% paraform trans-heart to internal fixation, the specimens were get and made bucco-lingual paraffin sections at lower first molar and made HE staining. The area of buccal and lingual gingival epithelial and connective tissue, the length of the longest rete pegs were measured with the image analysis system. Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance of factorial design.

内固定取材后制作下颌第一磨牙颊舌向石蜡切片，HE染色，利用图像分析系统分别测量颊侧和舌侧牙龈上皮面积、结缔组织面积、最长钉突长度，行完全随机分组两因素析因设计资料的方差分析。

Methods One band with a lingual button was bonded on the crown of lingual inclined lower second molar, then a removable, uprighter was put on, the tipping molar was uprighted by using buccal traction force produced by the latex elastics between the button and the hook of removable uprighter.

先在患牙上装戴一焊有舌侧扣的带环，再将预先制作好的带颊侧牵引钩的下颌可摘式磨牙颊向竖直器装戴就位，然后在舌侧扣与矫正器的牵引钩之间使用乳胶弹力圈对患牙进行颊向牵引。待患牙扶正后再使用固定矫正器进行精细调整。

The stress values in three modelings were distinctly more greater along the buccolingua direction than those in the vertical direction.

颊舌向与垂直向加载相比，三种模型均呈现颊舌向数值明显高的态势。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。