向量和

The optimal control law obtained consists of linear analytic functions and a compensation term which is a series sum of the adjoint vectors. The analytic functions can be found by solving a Riccati matrix difference equation and a matrix difference equation. The compensation term can be obtained by a recursion formula that solves adjoint vector equations.

得到的最优输出跟踪控制律由状态向量的线性解析函数和伴随向量级数形式的补偿项组成，其解析函数由一次性求解Riccati矩阵差分方程和矩阵差分方程得到，补偿项由求解伴随向量差分方程的递推公式得到。

The common method, that all strong-correlation terms of the model are eliminated, can bring the loss in the engineering application, so the new method is proposed that the identified model reserves some correlation. The augmented matrix A is constructed by the outputΔW and the matrix S. The"determinating order based on ratio of determinant"is brought out to screen the strong-correlation terms in the structure identification. The latent root estimation is improved in screening the eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Thus the estimation precision is improved greatly.The consistence check of guidance instrument error coefficients of flight test and ground test is the purpose of flight experiment. The causes of inconsistency of the two models are analyzed. The hypothesis test of linear regression model based on F statistics is proposed to check the consistence.Finally, the instability of error coefficients is probably caused by the change of the flight environments, therefore, the relation between the error coefficients and flight environment is analyzed. The approach is presented to identify SINS guidance instrument error models and compensate the error in the segmented sections corresponding to the change of vertical acceleration of aircraft.

在结构辨识中，常用的方法由于将模型中的强相关项全部剔除而给工程应用带来损失，因此，本文提出了新的有益思想，即在保留一定相关性的基础上进行辨识：将输出向量ΔW与环境函数矩阵S构成增广矩阵A，然后采用"比定阶行列式"来剔除相关向量的方法，这样既可以尽可能多地保留了对落点影响大的强相关参数，又可以对落点影响小的强相关参数给予剔除；在参数估计中，改进了特征根估计中特征根和特征向量的筛选方法，提出"近零"准则，从而大大提高了参数估计的精度；再者，鉴于天地模型"一致性"检验是飞行试验和SINS制导工具误差系数分离的主要目的，因此，本文又深入分析了造成天地模型不一致的原因，提出了采用基于F统计的线性回归模型假设检验方法来进行捷联制导工具误差模型的天地"一致性"检验；最后，鉴于飞行环境剧烈变化可能会对惯性仪表误差系数稳定性带来一定的影响，因此本文深入地分析了SINS制导工具误差系数与外界环境的关系，提出了基于过载变化大小的分段辨识和分段实时补偿的算法。

In order to improve the correct rate of enterprise's financial distress prediction and reduce the sample number and training time, renyi-entropy and least squares support vector machine is applied to the field of financial distress prediction on the basis of the traditional support vector machine prediction model and advances a kind of prediction model which is based on Renyi-entropy and LS-SVM.

为了提高企业财务困境预测的正确率，减少训练模型的样本数和训练时间，在传统支持向量机预测模型的基础上，将Renyi熵和最小二乘支持向量机算法应用于财务困境预测，提出了一种基于Renyi熵的最小二乘支持向量机预测模型。

The optimality conditions of Kuhn-Tueker and Fritz John's saddle points of vector optimization for generalized subconvex-like mapping are presented. Lagrange dual mapping and relationships among optimality conditions of saddle points, efficient and weak efficient solutions for vector and scalar optimization are established.

在拓扑向量空间框架内研究广义锥次类凸映射的向量优化，给出了广义锥次类凸映射的Kuhn-Tucker和Fritz John鞍点的最优性条件和Lagrange对偶，建立鞍点最优性条件与向量优化有效解和弱有效解之间的联系。

It has become one of the important tasks in the study on modern electric system. At first, this text has briefly introduced meanings, the current development and the main methods which the electric load forecasting are used. This paper aimed at the floatability which the load data had and the nature that neural networks model is easy to fall into part infinitesimal value and low iterative speed, this paper proposed a method based on neural networks and SVM. SVM can dispel the less summation and the larger single point errors of neural networks, and the neural networks could dispel the simplification of the model of the vector support machine.

本文首先介绍了电力系统负荷预测的意义、发展现状和主要方法；针对负荷数据具有浮动的特点以及神经网络模型算法容易陷入局部极小和迭代速度较慢的缺点，提出了一种基于神经网络和支持向量机的混合负荷预测方法，此方法能通过支持向量机消除神经网络的总和较小但单点误差较大的不利现象，而神经网络消除了支持向量机的模型简单问题。

Summary: The concept of matrix and its determinant computing, matrix determinant, matrix sub-block with the elementary transformation, invertible matrix, rank of matrix; vector and its computation, the linear relationship between vector, vector group of rank; linear equations of the nature and structure of linear equations; matrix eigenvalue and eigenvector, similar to matrix and matrix diagonalization conditions, the standard quadratic form with the normal forms, quadratic and symmetric matrix There are qualitative.

内容提要：行列式矩阵的概念及其运算，方阵的行列式，矩阵的分块与初等变换，可逆矩阵，矩阵的秩；向量及其运算，向量间的线性关系，向量组的秩；线性方程组的性质与结构，线性方程组的求解；矩阵的特征值与特征向量，相似矩阵与矩阵可对角化条件，二次型的标准形与规范形，二次型和对称阵的有定性。

The multi-dimensional signals measured by sensors with a machine working under normal condition or fault condition, can be used to build Q statistic and T^2 statistic respectively to detect the state of the machine. Meanwhile, the feature vector is constructed by the Q value and the T^2 value, the geometrical distance between the normal feature vector and the feature vector H when the machine goes wrong is used to realize the fault location. The results show that the method is feasible.

利用多个传感器测量的异步电机多维信号参量，构建电机在正常工作和发生故障时的Q统计和T^2统计，以实现电机的状态检测；利用Q统计和T^2统计值构建电机的状态特征向量，通过比较度量当前电机的特征向量与电机发生故障时的特征向量H的几何距离来实现电机故障的定位与分离实验证明，该方法可以有效地实现故障的诊断与分离。

First, we mainly study a class of generalized set-valued vector variational inequality problem.

首先，我们主要研究了一类广义向量集值变分不等式问题，将文献[7]中给出的向量单值情形下的广义L-条件和广义v-强制条件(C_2)推广到向量集值的情形，从而得到新的解的存在性条件，并将它应用到广义向量相补问题_T上。

Considering the specialty of pseudo-random vector, a partial scan algorithm for BIST, which unifying the structure analysis and testability analysis, is presented in this paper. Then, the fault simulation experiments on ISCAS89 benchmark circuits by this algorithm is made, and the results, which made by the full scan algorithm and the partial scan algorithm only based on the structure analysis, is compared. The conclusion is achieved: for pseudo-random vector, compared with the full scan circuit and the circuit geted by partial scan algorithm only based on the structure analysis, the circuit geted by our partial scan algorithm can greatly reduce the test time with very close or even greater faults coverage and less area than the full scan.

考虑到伪随机测试向量的特殊性，本文借鉴确定性测试向量生成的部分扫描算法，在内建自测试环境中，提出一种综合结构分析和可测性分析的部分扫描算法，PSBAST，并运用此算法对ISCAS89 benchmark电路进行计算，并对经计算后得到的部分扫描电路进行故障模拟，最后将模拟结果与全扫描电路和一种仅考虑结构因素的部分扫描算法得到的结果进行详细分析和比较，结果表明：对于伪随机测试向量，相对于全扫描电路和由仅考虑结构因素的部分扫描算法得到的电路，本文提出的部分扫描算法得到的电路，能够在不低于全扫描结构故障覆盖率前提下，大幅度减少测试时间，并能降低测试面积开销。

Based on the Least Squares Support Vector Machines method, Incremental LS-SVM and Online LS-SVM method is proposed for identification of structural systems in this paper. It efficiently updates a trained LS-SVM by means of incremental and decremental pruning algorithms whenever a sample is added to, or removed from, the training set. The method overcomes the drawback of sparsenesslost within the standard LS-SVM and makes online training for the LS-SVM possible.

本文在最小二乘支持向量机方法的基础上提出了用于识别结构系统的增量最小二乘支持向量机和序贯最小二乘支持向量机方法，当新样本加入进来或老的样本被修剪下去的时候可以有效地更新，这种方法克服了标准最小二乘支持向量机方法的稀疏性缺失，使得结构参数的在线识别成为可能。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。