向量和

This paper is expanded into three main parts to study and analyze the stock time series.1 Through the normality tests, All the sample stock-data curves show different phenomenon of Aiguille and Fat-tail, as well as Left-Deviation, which proves that none of the sample series belong to normal distribution, in other words, the linear method can't be applied into the analysis process, so we adopted the R/S method instead.2 The application of R/S method has verified the long-term memory characteristics of the sample series, and Support Vector Regression is combined to enhance the precision of Average circle period.

文中对股票时间序列从以下三个方面进行了研究和分析：1通过正态性检验，发现各样本股票数据均表现出不同程度的尖峰和胖尾以及左偏现象，证明了所有的样本序列全都不属于正态分布，也就是说明它们不能够适用线性方法进行分析，必须采用重标极差分析方法的非线性方法。2应用R/S分析方法验证他们具有长期记忆的特性，并且结合支持向量回归机提高了测定平均循环周期时的精确性。

The research fields are calculus of single variables functions and several variables functions, space analytic geometry, series, differential equation.

通过本课程的学习，使学生掌握一元函数微积分、向量代数和空间解析几何、多元函数微积分、无究级数、常微分方程等方面的基本概念、基本理论和基本运算技能，为学习后继课程和进一步获得数学知识奠定必要的数学基础。

Research show that wavelet varied-grid feature vector is characterized by high-stable and high-distinguish. Based on this vector the apery cognitron has solved the harmony of single-classifier and multi-classifier and the harmony of multi-feature. The data shows that the recognition rate and reliability has been effective improve.

实验数据表明，小波变网格特征向量具有稳定性高、区分性强的特点，基于此的智能字符识别机解决了单、多分类器协调和特征协调问题，在应用快速二值化方法加强处理实时性的同时有效地提高了车牌字符的识别率和识别可靠性。

Simulation results for both artifical and real data show remarkable improvement of generalization errors ,supporting our idea.

对人工和实际数据的模拟结果显示支撑向量数目和误差都减少，证明我们的方法是行之有效的。

We studied China and fluctuation in business cycle with statistical methods for the first time roundly and systematically, including coefficient correlation, linear regression, turning point coefficient, autocorrelation coefficient, grey system theory, VAR and time series analysis.

第一次全面系统运用统计学方法研究我国经济周期波动，包括相关系数法、一元和多元回归、转折点系数检验、自相关系数检验、灰色关联度、VAR向量自回归和确定性时间序列等方法，第一次把灰色关联分析方法应用于经济周期波动研究。

China's 1979-2004 data based on the use of cointegration analysis, vector autoregression, error correction model and Granger causality test theoretical analytical framework to study China's tax revenue and government expenditure on economic growth and short-term impact long-term relationship.

本文以我国1979—2004年数据为基础，运用协整分析、向量自回归、误差修正模型和格兰杰因果检验理论的分析框架，研究了我国税收和****支出对经济增长的短期影响与长期关系。

The AR spectrum is not restricted by length of data, and AR spectrum parameters are sensitive for law of condition change. Autoregressive transformation is made to vibration signals, and then AR spectrum coefficients are got which can be utilized as feature vectors. Fault diagnosis method for centrifugal pump Based on AR and 2D-HMM is produced in this paper. The topology of this model and its parameters were introduced too.

利用AR谱不受数据长度的限制，AR模型参数对状态变化规律反映敏感的特点，以振动信号做自回归变换后的AR谱系数作为特征向量，将基于AR的2D-HMM引入到离心泵故障诊断中，提出了一种基于AR的2D-HMM故障诊断方法，并论述了该模型的拓扑结构和主要参数以及相应的训练和识别算法。

The interval estimation information given by estimators is classfied. The bargaining interval and bargaining value is also determined for each class information. Then, the information of the bargaining interval and bargaining value is integrated by utilizing the induced ordered weighted averaging operator. The problem to choice the weighted vector of the IOWA operator is also discussed.

首先对评价者给出的区间赋值信息进行分类，确定各类信息的协商区间和协商值；然后利用所导出的有序加权平均算子对各类信息的协商区间和协商值进行集成，并对如何选取IOWA算子加权向量的问题进行了讨论。

The concepts of weighted α-lower product and weighted α-upper product between a relation matrix and a Boolean column vector are presented in weighted approximation space.

在加权近似空间中提出了关系矩阵和布尔列向量加权α下乘法和加权α上乘法的概念。

The universal expression of Laue equation and two theorems on reciprocal space and reciprocal vector are obtained and proved.

讨论和研究了干涉函数对衍射的影响，提出并证明了Laue方程的一般表达式和有关倒易空间与倒易向量的2个定理，研究了作为三维晶体特例的二维晶体的衍射，讨论了二维晶体倒易点阵的物理内容和点阵点的权重。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。