向量和

The main research contents are the modeling of price or returns series and correspondent volatility and risk. The main contents of this course include: modeling of single stationary time series and single non-stationary time series, non-linear modeling of single series, cointegration and vector autoregression modeling, etc.

适用于低频和高频数据；分为时域分析、谱域分析和回归分析集中分析方法；主要研究内容为价格或收益序列的建模，以及相应的波动性或风险的建模；主要内容分为单个平稳时间序列的建模、单个非平稳序列的建模、单个序列的非线性建模、协整和向量自回归建模等等。

Firstly, kinetic energy and potential energy expressions are obtained by a series of derivation, considering the extrinsic momentum. In the symplectic system, control equations of longitude and transverse coupling vibrations of rotating elastic structures, or Hamilton canonical equations are described. So the solution of the problem is boiled down to the eigenvalues and eigensolutions in the symplectic space.

首先，从能量的观点出发，通过一系列的理论推导，给出旋转结构的动能和势能表达式，并考虑外动量的影响，从而得到在辛体系中描述旋转结构纵向和横向耦合振动的控制方程，即哈密顿正则方程，于是将问题归结为辛几何空间的本征值和本征向量问题。

Based on the structural relationship of quadrilaterals on a scalp and the interpolation of texel starting vectors, we further modify and improve the simple hair styles.

然后根据头皮曲面上四边形的结构关系和纹元起始向量的插值方法，将简单造型予以修正和发展，给出几个发型的构造方法和实例。

Basically, the contents of this paper are organized as follows: Firstly, it is interpreted that the technical identifications of higher education and economic growth and the relative theories such as human capital and new economic growth, which can make theatric basis for the further empirical study. After that, the paper is to construct a couple of index systems to depict higher education development and economic growth respectively. At the end of this paper, it will adopt the dynamic econometric models such as Granger causality test, co-integration test, VAR and VECM model, to evaluate the co-relations between the two systems. According to the empirical study, the paper comes to the conclusions as follows:(1) There really exists one-way causality between the economic growth and the higher education, i.e.

本文内容基本安排如下：首先本文阐述经济增长和高等教育发展的内涵及其相关的理论，为本文的实证研究奠定理论基础；然后构建高等教育发展和经济增长两个指标体系，以描述高等教育发展和经济增长两个多因素相互作用的复杂过程；最后本文以1978-2003年的时间序列数据为数据资源，运用Granger 因果检验、协整检验、VAR 模型以其向量误差纠正模型VECM 等动态经济计量模型进行实证分析。

From elementary calculus to vector analysis and group theory, Mathematics for Chemistry and Physics aims to provide a comprehensive reference for students and researchers pursuing these scientific fields.

从初等微积分到向量分析和群论，化学和物理学的数学目的是为学生和研究人员提供广泛的参考。书基于作者很多教室经验。

This paper firstly proposed some clarity-evaluation-functions of out-of-focus blurred image,they are the sum of square of gray-level gradient vector module,the sum of Roberts-gradients,and the sum of Laplacian operator.

本文首次提出了用图像灰度梯度向量模方和、Roberts梯度和与拉普拉斯(8邻域微分)算子和作为由于离焦产生的模糊图像的评价函数。

This paper firstly proposed some clarity- evaluation- functions of out- of- focus blurred image,they are the sum of square of gray- level gradient vector module,the sum of Roberts- gradients,and the sum of L apla- cian operator.

本文首次提出了用图像灰度梯度向量模方和、Roberts梯度和与拉普拉斯(8邻域微分)算子和作为由于离焦产生的模糊图像的评价函数。

This method consists of two steps: first, the image is divided into numbers of nonoverlapping blocks and the GMRF parameters are computed for each of these blocks, then a clustering method is used to merge these blocks, a coarse segmentation and texture types of the image are obtained. Second, a deterministic relaxation neural network is constructed, the parameters of the model estimated from the first step are used as input data, through neural network computation, a fine segmentation is obtained.

提出一种基于高斯-马尔可夫随机场和神经网络的无监督纹理分割方法，方法分为两步：第一步先将图像分为不重叠的小块，在小块中计算GMRF参数，并将此参数和该块的均值、方差作为该块的特征向量，然后进行聚类，得到原图像的一个初始分割和图像中所包含的类别数；第二步构造一个决定性松弛的神经网络，将第一步得到的结果作为初始输入，经过神经网络计算，得到一个精确的分割结果。

In this package, the operations and functions of vector, matrix and pronumber are implemented by object-oriented programming technique, so that the gradient and Hessian of objective function can be calculated automatically and up to the machine precision of computers, and it provides the basis for accurate and effective optimization.

用面向对象技术实现了向量、矩阵和延拓数的相关运算和函数，使得目标函数的梯度和赫斯矩阵可以自动地求出，并且可达机器精度，为准确而有效的优化算法提供了基础。

To find more suitable extraction algorithm for neural net recognizers, the applications of LPC sepstrum as well as the RW are investigated, and new procedures for the vector alignment and the normalization are proposed. The Time-Delay Neural Net model is generalized, and two kinds of non-uniformly windowed-time-windowed and component-windowed -pyramidical architectures are proposed.

为寻找比较适合于神经网络识别器的特征提取方法，文中研究了RW法和LPC倒谱系数特征提取法在神经网络中运用，并提出了一种新的时间对准和向量规整的方法；推广了时延神经网络模型，提出时间划分和分量划分两种加非均匀窗的金字塔状结构。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。