向量和

Feature of principal lines spatial distribution: detect the principal lines through edge detecting technology, and then divide the image of palmprint into blocks with same dimension, compute the mean and variance as feature; Feature of palmprint direction: divide the image into sub-images; compute the max angle of projection and coordinate of each sub-image, which stand for the direction and location of the line on the palm; Feature of moment invariants: compute the moment invariants of each sub-image and the whole image as feature.

掌纹主线空间分布特征：利用边缘检测技术检测出掌纹的主线，将图像分割成相同大小互不重叠的子图，提取每一个子图的均值和方差作为特征；掌纹线方向特征：将图像分成不重叠的子图，利用Radon变换求出每一个子图的最大投影角度和坐标，也就是子图内掌纹线的方向和位置，构造特征向量；掌纹不变矩特征：提取图像整体和分割后的子图的不变矩作为特征。

This dissertation deals with theoretical and practical aspects of antithetic and common random numbers for variance reduction in simulation of stochastic systems.

本文对复杂系统仿真中的公共随机数和对偶变量法进行了系统的论述，给出了各种条件下实现方差衰减的理论和实验结果，给出了估计一对具有独立和相关分量的向量函数的响应和期望的最优化证明，且推导出在弱条件下的方差衰减。

The characteristic, difference and relation of the normal and inverse design are compared detailedly. The formula of the first and second class eigen sensitivity are given. For the horizotal vibration system of building structure, the sensitivity method and perturbation method are adopted to modify the dynamic characteristics. The inverse eigenvalue problem of Jacobi matrix and the positive, symmetry, band matrix are studied. The method of Evolutionany Computation is first used in the inverse design of building structure, the principal problems are studied. The features of aseismatic inverse design of building are analysed.

本文较详细地比较了正、逆设计的特点；给出了特征值和特征向量的一阶和二阶灵敏度分析公式；对于建筑结构水平振动系统，提出了结构动态特征的修改方法；对Jacobi矩阵及实对称带状矩阵的逆特征值问题进行了分析研究，首次将其引入建筑结构抗震逆设计中；首次将进化计算方法应用于建筑结构抗震逆设计中，对主要问题作了探讨；对建筑结构抗震逆设计的特点进行了分析，提出未来的发展方向和前景。

In the first approach the metadata extraction is viewed as a classification problem. Three statistic classification models, including Support Vector Machines, Perceptron with Uneven Margins, and Maximum Entropy are studied. The approach suffers from the problems of ignoring the variance in lengths of documents and ignoring the dependency of text units within documents. To solve the problems, our second approach takes the metadata extraction as a sequence data labeling problem and makes full use of the sequential information.

论文首先研究了基于分类的元数据抽取方法，考察了支持向量机、非对称间隔感知机和最大熵模型在ADME中的应用；然后针对分类方法中存在的忽略文档之间的差异、不考虑文档上下文等问题，提出了基于序列数据标注模型的抽取方法，并结合最大熵马尔可夫模型、投票感知机模型和条件随机场模型进行了研究；最后本文根据前两种方法的设计思想和优缺点，研究提出一种新的结构预测模型—— CDASP（Coordinate Descent Algorithm for Structure Prediction），并将其应用于元数据的自动抽取中。

This paper discussed the coordinate transformation method of WGS84 coordinate system to 1954-BeiJing Gauss grid coordinate. Introduced transformation model of WGS84 to Beijing 54 and computing method of transformation parameter. According to different model and computing method, computed and compared with the result combine real data. Think that adopt base-line vector quantity ask four parameters model have higher transformation precision.

本文详细讨论了WGS84大地坐标转换到北京54坐标系下的高斯平面坐标的方法，重点介绍了WGS84和北京54的空间直角坐标的转换模型及转换参数的计算方法，并根据不同的模型和计算方法结合实际数据进行计算和结果的比较，认为采用基线向量求解的四参数模型具有较高的转换精度，分区变换和提高控制点精度也能提高转换的精度。

In chapter Ⅰ, a historial review of structure control is given; In chapter Ⅱ, A discussion of the controllability and observablity of flexible structures is given, Two kinds of controllability and observablity index are defined, and applied to actuator allocation; chapter Ⅲ considers the reduction of high order flexible structure mode; the content of chapter Ⅳ is about the basic problem of distributed parameter control system design. It is proved that a stable controllor in mode space may be unstable in real use in distributed paramater systems, also, by closed loop mode concept, a pole assignment method of flexible structure controllor design is given; chapter Ⅴ is about the low-authority controllor design, it is pointed out by use of high order eigenvalue/eigenvector perturbation, a better controllor can be designed; chapter Ⅳ considers flexible structure reduced order control; chapter Ⅶ disscusses the basic problem of flexible structure computer control, analyses discreate controllablity and observablity and its computing, the sample period and coefficient wordlength; chapter Ⅷ is on the problem of low flexibility compensation; chapter Ⅸ is a design example.

在第一章简要回顾了挠性结构控制的历史，并且指出控制中的一些问题；第二章讨论了挠性结构的能控性与能观性，定义了两类能控性程度和能观性程度指标，还将能控性程度概念应用于执行器位置的确定；第三章论述了高阶模型的降价问题，比较了适于挠性结构模型降阶的方法，指出其适用范围；第四章内容是分布参数系统设计的基本问题，首先证明在模态空间中设计的稳定的控制器在实际分布系统上可能是不稳定的，进而根据闭环模态的概念，获得挠性结构控制器设计的极点配置方法；第五章的内容是关于低权控制器的设计问题，指出利用特征值高价摄动和特征向量的摄动，可以设计出更加完善的低权控制器；第六章讨论挠性结构降阶控制问题；第七章讨论挠性结构计算机控制的基本问题，分析了时间离散化模型的能控性和能观性及其计算问题，讨论了采样周期选择和系数字长问题；第八章讨论低挠性结构的补偿问题；第九章的设计例子用来说明第二章和第四章的结果。

According to the concept that the subcellular location of an apoptosis protein is mainly determined by its amino acid sequence, the six kind of subcellular locations of apoptosis proteins were predicted by using the algorithm of the increment of diversity combined with support vector machines based on the n-peptide components of local amino acid sequence and hydropathy and hydrophobicity.

根据凋亡蛋白的亚细胞位置主要决定于它的氨基酸序列这一观点，基于局部氨基酸序列的n肽组分和序列的亲疏水性分布信息，采用离散增量结合支持向量机算法，对六类细胞凋亡蛋白的亚细胞位置进行预测，结果表明，在Re-substitution检验和Jackknife检验下，ID—SVM算法的总体预测成功率分别达到了94.6％和84.2％；在5-fold检验和10-fold检验下，其总体预测成功率也都达到了83％以上。

After analysis and study on email, by disperseing and charactering email, my paper use vector to express email. And then bring forward a determination tree classifying model base on information entropy. At last I do a series of experiment and testing.

本文通过对电子邮件的分析和研究，提出对邮件结构字段信息和邮件正文信息加以离散和特征化处理，用向量的方式表示电子邮件；接着针对向量化的邮件表示，建立了一种基于信息熵的决策树邮件分类识别模型；论文最后通过编程对该模型作了一系列的实验和测试。

Based on the assumption that investors react differently to public and private information, we set up a Bivariate Vector Auto-regression Model to examine different responses of value-weighted and equal-weighted stock returns and trading volume from public and private information shocks.

本文在投资者对公开信息和私人信息有不同反应的假设基础上，建立一个两变量向量自回归模型，着重考察了A股市场价值加权和平均加权的股票收益率和交易量对私人信息和公开信息冲击的不同反应。

The main contents are as follows: In chapter 1, systematic conclusions of intension and characteristic of sustainabledevelopment of real estate industry are made after the review of home and foreign research achievements; Chapter 2 analyzes status quo and trait of Chinese real estate industry in 2005, from views of investment, exploitation and sale, three parts of real estate industry, with the help of massive graphs, as well as elaborates main problems existing in real estate market; In chapter 3, the gambling thought is used to divide the developing process of Chinese real estate market into three phases, according to the change of main market participators and their behaviors; Finally, in chapter 4 and 5, a system with 72 indices in research on sustainable development of real estate industry in china is established, and theories of Catastrophe, Cosines Vector Included Angle, Entropy and CRITIC are applied to appraise the current situation of sustainable development of real estate industry in 31 provinces and cities in 2004, then the consistency test of appraisal results is carried out by Kendalls Coefficient of Concordance and Spearman Correlation Coefficient.

本文的主要内容如下：第一章在查阅大量国内外有关可持续发展理论、房地产业有关研究文献的基础上，评介了有关理论概念，并对房地产业可持续发展的内涵进行归纳、总结；第二章从房地产投资、开发和销售三个环节入手，结合大量图表，分析2005年中国房地产业的发展状况和特点，揭示我国房地产市场存在的主要问题；第三章利用博弈思想，根据市场参与主体及其行为的变化，将中国房地产市场的发展过程分为三个阶段；第四、五章构建了一个由72个指标构成的房地业可持续发展指标体系，利用突变评判法、向量夹角余弦法、熵值法和CRITIC法对2004年全国31个省市的房地产业可持续发展状况进行评价，并运用肯德尔和谐系数和斯皮尔曼等级相关系数对评价结果进行一致性检验。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。