向量和

In order to model complex hair styles, such as curly hairs and wavy hairs, we first construct five types of surfaces and three curves: curved cylinder, curved circular frustum, curved prism, curved edged frustum, curved revolving paraboloid, and curved cylinder helix, curved circular frustum helix and curved revolving paraboloid helix. Then we give the expressions for points and normal vectors on these surfaces, suitable to composition.

为了构造复杂发型，例如卷发发型和波浪发型，我们首先构造了五种曲面和三种曲线：弯曲圆柱面、弯曲圆台面、弯曲棱柱面、弯曲棱台面和弯曲旋转抛物面，以及弯曲圆柱螺线、弯曲圆台螺线和弯曲旋转抛物螺线，并且给出了这些曲线曲面上适合于拼接的点和向量的表示方式。

The coordinate transformation and numerical integration was executed on the discretized tetrahedral elements based on which the 3-D MT vector-finite element method was implemented. A whole computation framework for 3-D vector-finite element method with unstructured mesh was given. Based on this some typical models were tested which has demonstrated that our algorithm could distinctively avoid problems caused by the fake solution and both the accuracy and efficiency were enhanced which made our algorithm has a bright future for further application.3. According to theory of Sobolev vector space and the discretization of Helmholtz space, the error estimate which was suitable for 3-D MT vector-finite element modeling was deduced by which the procedure of adaptive technique was guaranteed.4. Based on the fully unstructured tetrahedralization and optical strategy, the 3-D magnetotelluric h-adaptive vector-finite element method was presented through combining the error estimate. With this work, the accuracy and creditableness for 3-D MT complicatedly modeling was guaranteed.5. The 3-D magnetotelluric h-adaptive vector-finite element algorithm with unstructured mesh was implemented.

针对非结构化的四面体单元，采用坐标变换和数值积分方法，实现了MT三维矢量有限单元分析，建立起基于非结构化网格的三维MT矢量有限元计算流程，并对典型模型和国际标准电磁模型进行了数值模拟，结果对比和分析表明，基于非结构化网格的三维MT矢量有限元不仅消除了节点型有限元的伪解，而且具有很高的计算精度和速度，有广阔的应用前景。3、根据Sobolev函数的向量空间和Hemlholtz空间的分解，推导出基于残差的三维大地电磁矢量有限元后验误差估计公式，为三维大地电磁自适应矢量有限元数值模拟的实现奠定了基础。4、在完全非结构化四面体单元剖分及优化基础上，结合三维大地电磁矢量有限元后验误差估计公式，提出了基于非结构化网格的三维大地电磁h-型自适应矢量有限元计算策略，保证了对复杂大地电磁模型数值计算的精度和可靠性。5、实现了基于非结构化网格的三维大地电磁h-型自适应矢量有限元计算流程，对典型模型和国际标准电磁模型进行了数值模拟。

The surface representation in discrete form and its differential computation are important issues in computer graphics and geometric design.

0引言一般来说，曲面的一阶微分量是指曲面的切平面方向和法向量，二阶微分量是指曲面的曲率等有关量·它们作为重要的曲面信息度量指标，在计算机图形学，机器人视觉和计算机辅助设计等领域发挥了重要的作用·传统的曲面是连续形式的参数曲面和隐式曲面，其微分量的计算已经有了较完备的方法·随着激光测距扫描等三维数据采样技术和硬件设备的长足进步，以及图形工业对任意拓扑结构光滑曲面造型的需求日益迫切，离散形式的曲面———细分曲面、网格曲面和点云曲面正在逐渐成为计算机图形学和几何设计领域的新宠·于是，对这种离散形式的曲面如何估

The higher mathematics curriculum is a college engineering course undergraduate course each specialized student's compulsory important basic theory class, through this curriculum study, causes the student to obtain: Circular function calculus study, the space analytic geometry and the vector algebra, the function of many variables calculus study, the infinite series, aspect and so on ordinary differential equation basic concepts, the elementary theory and the fundamental operation skill, and further obtain mathematics knowledge for the study successor curriculum to lay the essential mathematics foundation,During instruction knowledge, must train the student through each teaching link to have the abstract thinking ability, logic reasoning ability, spatial imagination ability gradually and studies independently ability, but also must pay attention specially trains the student to have the quite skilled operational capability and the synthesis utilization studies the knowledge to analyze the question and to solve the question ability.

高等数学课程是高等学校工科本科各专业学生的一门必修的重要基础理论课，通过本课程的学习，使学生获得：一元函数微积分学，空间解析几何与向量代数，多元函数微积分学，无穷级数，常微分方程等方面的基本概念、基本理论和基本运算技能，为学习后继课程和进一步获得数学知识奠定必要的数学基础，在传授知识的同时，要通过各个教学环节逐步培养学生具有抽象思维能力、逻辑推理能力、空间想象能力和自学能力，还要特别注意培养学生具有比较熟练的运算能力和综合运用所学知识去分析问题和解决问题的能力。主要是其中的一些专有名词查不到，比如一元函数等

System is used VB6.0, MATLAB6.5 and MATLAB and Visual Basic OLE interface methods of production, use VB Visual Interface, the real object-oriented, event-driven approach using the structure of high-level programming language, the perfect tool Integrated production and friendly interface and features of MATLAB numerical terms, such as a strong graphic image processing function for the core to achieve the limit, derivative, differential, integral and indefinite integral, vector algebra and analytic geometry of space for the function will be Two aspects of the unique advantages of combining the strong points, to shorten the development cycle and reduce programming difficulty, the current rapidly changing information age is of high practical value.

在线等汉-英翻译，网上在线翻译的别回！！！！！系统是采用VB6.0、MATLAB6.5 和MATLAB与Visual Basic接口OLE方法制作的，利用VB界面的可视化、真正面向对象、采用事件驱动方式的结构化高级程序设计语言、工具的完美集成和友好性特点制作界面和MATLAB的数值计算、图形图像等强大的处理功能为内核来实现函数极限、导数、微分、定积分和不定积分、空间解析几何和向量代数的求解功能；将两方面具有的独特优势结合起来，取长补短，以缩短开发周期，降低编程难度，这对当前日新月异的信息时代是具有很高的实用价值。

Function graphing and analyzing: 2D, 2.5D functiongraphs and animations, extrema, root, tangent, limit,derivative, integral, inverse; sequence of number: arithmetic progression, geometric progression; analytic geometry: vector, line, circle, ellipse,hyperbola and parabola; solid geometry: spatial line, prism, pyramid, cylinder, cone, dado and sphere; Ability to save graph as data file or bmp file; Ability to save animation as AVI file; Ability to move, zoom in, zoom out and rotate the scene.

函数图表和分析：2D， 2.5D 函数图表和动画，极值，根，正切，极限，导数；序列号：等差数列，等比级数；解析几何：向量，矢量，直线，圆，椭圆，双曲线和抛物线；立体几何：空间线，棱柱，三角锥，圆柱，圆锥体，梯形台和球体；保存图形为数据文件或者图像文件的功能；保存动画为 AVI 文件的功能；移动，缩小，放大和旋转场景的功能。

The traditional classification methods only use one single classifier, which may lead to onesidedness, low accuracy, and that the samples nearby the Support Vector Machine hyperplanes are more easily misclassified. To solve these problems, the multifeature fusion method based on SVM and KNearest Neighbor classifiers was presented in this paper.

针对传统分类方法只采用一种分类器而存在的片面性，分类精度不高，以及支持向量机分类超平面附近点易错分的问题，提出了基于支持向量机和k近邻的多特征融合方法。

For the regular curves, we find two Killing fields for the purpose of integrating the structural equations of the p-elastic curves and express the p-elastica by quadratures in a system of cylind...

对于正则曲线的情形，我们发现了两个用于求解p-弹性曲线的结构方程的Killing向量场并用积分将p-弹性曲线在一个柱面坐标系中表示出来，而对仿射星形曲线的情形，我们用积分方法解出了欧拉-拉格朗日方程，利用Killing向量场及线性李代数s1(2，R)、s1(3，R)和s1(4，R)的分类将高阶结构方程降为一阶线性方程，因此我们用积分完全解出了中心仿射p-弹性曲线。

For the regular curves, we find two Killing fields for the purpose of integrating the structural equations of the p-elastic curves and express the p-elastica by quadratures in a system of cy...

对于正则曲线的情形，我们发现了两个用于求解p-弹性曲线的结构方程的Killing向量场并用积分将p-弹性曲线在一个柱面坐标系中表示出来，而对仿射星形曲线的情形，我们用积分方法解出了欧拉-拉格朗日方程，利用Killing向量场及线性李代数s1(2，R)、s1(3，R)和s1(4，R)的分类将高阶结构方程降为一阶线性方程，因此我们用积分完全解出了中心仿射p-弹性曲线。

For the regular curves, we find two Killing fields for the purpose of integrating the structural equations of the p-elastic curves and express the p-elastica by quadratures in a syste...

对于正则曲线的情形，我们发现了两个用于求解p-弹性曲线的结构方程的Killing向量场并用积分将p-弹性曲线在一个柱面坐标系中表示出来，而对仿射星形曲线的情形，我们用积分方法解出了欧拉-拉格朗日方程，利用Killing向量场及线性李代数s1(2，R)、s1(3，R)和s1(4，R)的分类将高阶结构方程降为一阶线性方程，因此我们用积分完全解出了中心仿射p-弹性曲线。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。