向近端

Compared with the centripetal venipuncture, the centrifugal venipuncture can save the time, and be operated convenientlier and raise the efficiency of nurse, relieve the pain of patient. It coincide with the protection principle that the venipuncture should be from the axifugal to the axipetal, is profitable to protect the blood vessel.

离心性静脉抽血法比向心性静脉抽血法节省时间、操作方便，能提高护士工作效率，减轻患者的痛苦，并且符合静脉穿刺由远端向近端的保护原则，有利于血管的保护。

Dissect the fascia from the dorsum down to the bursa oer the medial aspect of the metatarsal head. Then make a cured incision through the bursa and capsule of the joint Fig. 1-24,; begin the incision oer the dorsomedial aspect of the joint, continue it proximally dorsal to the metatarsal head and then plantarward and distalward around the joint, and end it distally on the medioplantar aspect of the metatarsophalangeal joint.

然后弧形切开滑囊及跖趾关节囊图1-24，，切口起自关节背内侧，自跖骨头背侧向近端延长，然后转向跖侧，再转向远瑞，环绕关节而行，最后在远端终止于跖趾关节的跖内侧面，此切口形成一椭圆形网球拍状组织瓣，连接于近节趾骨的基底部

Angle at difference point of medial malleolus are significant different in man or woman and length of lateral malleolus and tibiofibular overlapping of difference person. Therefore, detail operational plan is necessary.

正常成人从内踝尖向近端皮质表面一定范围内其在胫骨远侧骨质范围内投影的夹角渐增大，内固定手术操作的空间和余地越大；外踝长度及腓骨重叠影的长度个体差异较大，术前计划需具体考虑。

Dissect the fascia from the dorsum down to the bursa over the medial aspect of the metatarsal head. Then make a curved incision through the bursa and capsule of the joint Fig. 1-24,; begin the incision over the dorsomedial aspect of the joint, continue it proximally dorsal to the metatarsal head and then plantarward and distalward around the joint, and end it distally on the medioplantar aspect of the metatarsophalangeal joint.

然后弧形切开滑囊及跖趾关节囊图1-24，，切口起自关节背内侧，自跖骨头背侧向近端延长，然后转向跖侧，再转向远瑞，环绕关节而行，最后在远端终止于跖趾关节的跖内侧面，此切口形成一椭圆形网球拍状组织瓣，连接于近节趾骨的基底部

The entry angle decreased by 5°, so the entry point moved forward proximally by 5 mm.

进钉角度每减小5°，其进钉点就向近端移动约5mm。

Wider access to the joint may be attained in the following ways:(1) by extending the incision proximally,(2) by extending the proximal part of the incision obliquely medially and separating the fibers of the astus medialis,(3) by diiding the medial alar fold and adjacent fat pad longitudinally, and (4) by mobilizing the medial part of the insertion of the patellar tendon subperiosteally.

还可以通过下述方法扩大手术显露：①将切口向近端延长；②将切口近端部分斜向内侧延长并分开股内侧肌纤维；③纵向劈开内侧翼状襞及邻近的脂肪垫；④骨膜下松解髌韧带止点的内侧部分。（缩略图，点击图片链接看原图

Fashion a tongue of triceps tendon with its base attached to the olecranon, leaving a peripheral tendinous rim attached to the triceps for later repair, as follows.

在尺骨鹰嘴近端的内侧面作锐性分离，向近端沿肱三头肌肌腱分离，然后横向外侧，再向远端顺着肌腱到达外上髁的后部。

Dissect along the anterior surface of the septum between the peroneus longus and soleus muscles. Reflect the peroneal muscles anteriorly after subperiosteal dissection. Begin the stripping distally and progress proximally so that the oblique origin of the muscle fibers from the bone will tend to press the periosteal elevator toward the fibula.

于腓骨长肌后缘与比目鱼肌前缘肌间隔的前面进入，骨膜下剥离后将腓骨肌向前翻转，剥离器由腓骨远端向近端剥离，如此操作腓骨上的斜行肌肉起点便会使骨膜剥离器沿骨面行进。

The gloved hand should not come in contact with the skin before the incision is made. For the extremities, a section of sterile stockinette is drawn proximally over the operative field. Then the stockinette is grasped proximally and distally and cut with scissors to uncover the area of the proposed incision. Its cut edges are pulled apart, and the area is covered by a transparent adhesive-coated material.

带手套的手在切皮之前不许与皮肤接触，肢体手术可应用弹力织物向近端套于手术区表面，然后抓住弹力织物的近端及远端，于木野处用剪刀剪开，将剪开的边缘拉开，在暴露的术野的皮肤上贴无菌的皮肤贴膜。

The gloed hand should not come in contact with the skin before the incision is made. For the extremities, a section of sterile stockinette is drawn proximally oer the operatie field. Then the stockinette is grasped proximally and distally and cut with scissors to uncoer the area of the proposed incision. Its cut edges are pulled apart, and the area is coered by a transparent adhesie-coated material.

带手套的手在切皮之前不许与皮肤接触，肢体手术可应用弹力织物向近端套于手术区表面，然后抓住弹力织物的近端及远端，于木野处用剪刀剪开，将剪开的边缘拉开，在暴露的术野的皮肤上贴无菌的皮肤贴膜。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。