向西

In view of an analysis from lithospheric geoid, horizontal stress and existing seismic tomographic data and so on, they show that Chinese mainland and adjacent area is controlled by mantle dynamics of interaction, mutual influence and constraint by western Pacific ocean plate, Indian plate and circum-Siberian arc tectonics that formed after Paleo-Asian ocean closed, which consist of three tectonic areas, with on the base of the Tethyan tectonic realm. Overall tectonic framework of the Chinese mainland is outwards obduction along main tectonic borders within shallow crust and inwards subduction and convergence within deep lithospheric mantle from south-western, south-eastern and northern parts, respectively.

基于岩石圈大地水准面异常、水平应力场和地震层析等地球物理资料综合分析可知，中国大陆及其毗邻地区在特提斯构造基础上，处于西太平洋板块、印度板块和古亚洲洋及其闭合之后环西伯利亚弧形等三大全球构造体系域相互作用、相互影响和相互制约的地幔动力学控制之下，总体大地构造格局是浅部地壳分别沿主要构造边界向外仰冲，深部岩石圈地幔则从西南、东南和北部向中国大陆俯冲会聚，使之整体处于地幔会聚挤压的大地构造背景。

It stably subsided after its formation. During Palaeogene ang Neogene salt-forming, Kuqa basin experienced strong-weak-strong tectonic stages, and its center of subsidence moved gradually from north to south and depocenter from northwest to east and southeast. Because of tectonic differentiation, series of second depression formed in Kuqa basin.

盆地自形成以来一直处于稳定的沉降状态，在古近纪和新近纪成盐期，盆地经历了强-弱-强3个构造演化阶段，其沉降中心由北而南逐渐迁移，沉积中心由北西逐渐向东、南东方向迁移，盆地内的构造分异渐趋明显，形成了一系列次级凹陷。

Especially, it is found that there exists three types of relative permeability of water such as concave, convex to the water saturation ax and the reversed "S" pattern. The super-low permeability reservoir is sensitive to pressure, apparent with millipore undersaturation and water blocks. In this study, a new concept of irriducible undersaturation is brought up. And a new mode to describle the process of imbibition dynamics is used to reveal and confirm the mechanism of pinhole enveloping macropore as following: pendular ring of wetting phase gathers→it fills throat→it truncates nonwejting phase . The expression of pressure distribution and the equation of oil production are deduced under conditions of non-darcy linear seepage and non-linear seepage.

尤其发现水相相对渗透率曲线存在凹向、凸向含水饱和度轴及反S形三种形式；特低渗透储层的压力敏感性强，微孔隙的欠饱和及水锁效应显著，本文研究中提出欠束缚水饱和度的概念，引用一种描述渗吸动态即湿相液环聚集→充填喉道→截断非湿相的演化过程的新方法，更深刻地揭示和证明了&小孔包围大孔&机理；推导出了非达西线性渗流和非线性渗流条件下的压力分布表达式和油井产量方程。

We have concluded five key tectonics geologic characteristics of Chinese foreland basins based on the study of the sedimentary infill, tectonics evolution, tectonic dynamics, spatial location distribution and structural deformation geometry.(1) The foreland basin is the superimposition of the compression sedimentary stratigraphic sequence with the extension basin, and the foreland basin includes underlying rift basin and upper dustpan flexure deposited basin.(2) The foreland thrustfold structural deformation has occurred four times since the Protozoic, in the Late Caledonian, Late Hercynian, Indosinan and Late Himalayan, respectively.(3) The foreland basin developed based on the control of two factors that are the basin basement collaged by many small plates or terrains and the rejuvenation of ancient orogenic belt, so the foreland basins or foreland thrusts are located in front of ancient orogenic belt.(4) The foreland basins and the rejuvenation of ancient orogenic belt make up a giant basinmountains system resulting from the distant effect of IndiaEurasia collision, which is located on the outer circle of Tibet Plateau, so the thrust deformation intensity, basin deposition range and coupling between orogenic belt and basin changed from strong to weak as from interior to outer circle of Tibet Plateau.(5) There are many structural styles of the thrust and fold belt in different basins, such as brittle behavior faultrelated fold, ductile behavior basementinvolved structure, basementinvolved faultrelated fold, and salt structure.

在综述前人认识的基础上，笔者通过对中国前陆盆地的构造演化历程、沉积充填特征、构造成因及其空间分布规律、构造变形特征等的研究，提出了中国前陆盆地构造地质发育的5个主要特征：(1)两种不同性质的原型盆地发生正反转的叠合性，即挤压构造下作为&本体&的前陆层序与拉张构造下作为&基础&的裂谷、断陷盆地之间的叠置；(2)显生宙以来中国大陆先后发生了4期前陆冲断构造演化的多期性，它们分别是加里东晚期、海西晚期、印支期和喜马拉雅晚期；(3)基于小克拉通基底拼贴后在造山带前缘复活再生的继承性，即统一拼合大陆内部的构造变形导致古造山带的复活，在古造山带边缘发育新生代前陆盆地或前陆冲断带；(4)在空间分布上受环青藏高原巨型盆山体系控制发生陆内变形的系统性，在环青藏高原巨型盆山体系内构造变形强度、盆地沉降幅度、盆山耦合程度等从内环向外环依次降低，从古造山带向克拉通方向构造变形强度依次降低，构造变形样式逐渐简单、构造变形时间依次变新；(5)前陆冲断带的构造样式由于受边界力学条件和沉积地层介质作用而具有多变性，存在沉积盖层内脆性变形的断层相关褶皱、造山带前缘韧性变形的基底卷入构造、与走滑构造相伴生的基底卷入的断层相关褶皱、盆地内部塑性变形的盐构造。

Two valets were busily engaged in dressing Prince Vassily; he was looking about him eagerly, and nodded gaily to his son, as he entered with an air that said, Yes, that's just how I wanted to see you looking.

两个老仆人给瓦西里公爵穿衣裳，在他身旁忙碌地干活。他兴致勃勃地向四周环顾，向走进来的儿子愉快地点点头，仿佛在说：是的，我所需要的正是你这副样子！

The himalayan movement strengthened the south-directed thrusting and tectonic deformation intensity of Daba Mountain tectonic belt. In the process, Daba Mountain tectonic belt got the holding up by Michang Mountain and Huangling block ,then format the SW curvy extrusive structural features. Micang Mountain tectonic belt is a approximate autochthonous system that have small napping distance from north to south, suffered SN compression from Qinling leading to EW linear structure in himalayan.

喜马拉雅运动进一步加强了大巴山构造带向南的逆冲推覆和构造变形强度，在其推覆过程中受到米仓山近原地系统和黄陵地块的阻挡，形成如今向南西弧形突出的构造形迹；米仓山构造带是一近原地隆升系统，印支晚期以来的南北向挤压，形成东西向线性构造。

This section has demonstrated to people early in 1940 to July 1941 period, the face of the Japanese tried to block the anti-Japanese base areas split my grim situation, Ma Hui people in this fast rate of detachment of the Shennan, the Qing River, Baiyangdian, non-polar, Ding County and other places from south to north, from west to east, thousands of miles gallop and played his military might, and expanded the impact of the eradication of the enemy strengthen his own and was Hebei Military Region as the "fight is not bad, drag does not collapse, invariably attack g of the invincible army,"Comrade Mao Zedong gladly Ming Bi, Hui Detachment, said the" ever-victorious of the Hui Detachment."

这部分向人们展现了1940年初到1941年7月期间，面对日军企图封锁分割我抗日根据地的严峻形势，马本斋率回民支队在深南、大清河畔、白洋淀、无极、定县等地由南向北、由西向东，千里驰骋，打出了军威，扩大了影响，消灭了敌人，壮大了自己，被冀中军区誉为&打不烂、拖不垮、攻无不克的铁军&，毛泽东同志也欣然命笔，称回民支队是&百战百胜的回民支队&。

But all those reports were deceptive; both because in the heat of battle it is impossible to say what is happening at any given moment, and because many of the adjutants never reached the actual battlefield, but simply repeated what they heard from others, and also because, while the adjutant was galloping the two or three versts to Napoleon, circumstances had changed, and the news he brought had already become untrue.

拿破仑派出的副官以及他的元帅们的传令兵不停地从战场上向他驰来，向他报告战斗的情况；但是所有这些报告都是假的，因为在战斗进行得正激烈的时候，无法说出在一定时刻发生了什么事，还因为许多副官并没有到真正战斗的地点，只是转述他们从别人口中听到了东西；还因为副官从西、三俄里外跑到拿破仑这儿，其间情况已经变了，带来的消息已经不真实了。

The results show that for the global scale characteristics of the vertically integrated vapor flux fields, which is described in terms of the rotational and divergent components of the stationary parts of the vapor field, both GOALS and FGCM--0 can reproduce the subtropical gyres in each hemisphere, the eastward water va- por transport of the mid--latitude westerlies, and the westward vapor transport of equatorial easterlies reasonably, though the precise positions of the gyres simulated by GOALS, and the intensities of the gyre centers in FGCM--0 do not match the observations accurately.

结果表明：(1)对垂直积分的水汽通量场的流函数及其对应的无辐散水汽通量矢量的模拟，三个耦合模式都能够较为合理地再现副热带大洋的涡旋结构、中纬度西风带的东向水汽输送、赤道东风带的西向水汽输送和东亚夏季风水汽输送等行星尺度特征及其季节变化，只是GOALS的涡旋位置、FGCM-0的涡旋中心强度，较之实际略有偏差。

The purple heather still extends for miles, with its barrows and aerial spectacles, intersected with sandy uneven roads, just as it did then; towards the west, where broad streams run into the bays, are marshes and meadows encircled by lofty, sandy hills, which, like a chain of Alps, raise their pointed summits near the sea; they are only broken by high ridges of clay, from which the sea, year by year, bites out great mouthfuls, so that the overhanging banks fall down as if by the shock of an earthquake.

现在的尤兰仍然和那时一样，它深黄色的荒地，它的古冢，它的海市蜃楼和它的一些交叉的、多沙的、高低不平的道路，向天际展开去。朝西走，许多河流向海湾流去，扩展成为沼泽地和草原。环绕着它们的一起沙丘，像峰峦起伏的阿尔卑斯山脉一样，耸立在海的周围，只有那些粘土形成的高高的海岸线才把它们切断。浪涛每年在这儿咬去几口，使得那些悬崖绝壁下塌，好像被地震摇撼过一次似的。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。