向细胞的

The results show that firstly, ApoE and LDL receptors can be transported bidirectionally (i.e. retro-and anterogr-adely) in the axoplasm along axons. Secondly, ApoE derived from regenerating fillers can be transported re t rogradely to the cell bodies.

本文用免疫细胞化学法研究正常和再生的大白鼠外周神经中脱辅基脂蛋白E和低密度脂蛋白受体的运输特性，发现在正常的外周神经中，ApoE及LDL受体在轴浆中均可沿轴突正行和逆行运输；再生的神经可产生ApoE，ApoE可逆行向细胞体转运。

Besides, we also found that NOD2 could participate in down-regulation of macrophage bactericidal activity and TLR4-induced LC3 activation.

在另外的实验中，我们也发现NOD2蛋白能够负向调控巨噬细胞的杀菌能力以及TLR4所引发的LC3蛋白的活化(是一个细胞自噬的标志蛋白)。

In the hypothesis, it is assumed that the photoreceptor outer segment is a cylindrical-like structure, while a photo enters the outer segment, the possibility of the impact between the photon and a photopigment molecule is maximal if the photon's travel path parallels to the axis of the cyclinder.

其理论系假设光感细胞的外节为一圆柱状结构，当光子进入到光感细胞的外节部分时，若其路径与此柱状结构的轴向平行，其碰撞到光色素分子的机率会最高，因此所产生的响应将最大。

Membrane alterations (membrane vacuoles, invagination into adjacent organelles, and myelin figure-like changes) occur in a subpopulation of mitochondria in sepsis, but other hepatocyte organelles showed no consistent ultrastructural injury.

败血症中膜的改变（膜泡，向邻近的细胞内陷和髓磷脂形态样的变化）发生在线粒体的亚群，但是其他肝细胞器官未见一致的超微结构损伤。

They then added a dilute concentration of potassium chloride to one protocell and a more concentrated solution to the other.

然后他们向其中的一原细胞加入稀释的氯化钾，向另一个加入一样但浓度较高的。

Telophase The final stage in mitosis and meiosis, in which the separated chromatids or homologous chromosomes of bivalents collect at the poles of the spindle and the nuclei of the daughter cells are formed.

细胞分裂的末期：是细胞的有丝分裂和减数分裂的终极阶段。在这个时期内，分离的姐妹染色单体或二价体的同源染色体向纺锤体两极聚拢，同时子代细胞核形成。

They have been shown to control cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis; consequently, impaired miRNAs expression has been implicated in tumorigenesis. Recently evidence indicates that patterns of misexpression of miRNAs in cancer suggest key functions of miRNAs in tumorigenesis.

很多研究报告指出特定的miRNAs在特定的肿瘤细胞中扮演重要角色，例如：miR-221与miR-222会负向调控p27Kip1而促进PC3前列腺癌细胞增生，因此，如果将miR-221与miR-222的表现抑制掉或是降低，就可以造成PC3细胞的增生减缓。

At 6 wk, the hepatic stem cells begin to differentiate to hepatocyte system, and then to cholangiocyte system in the next week. Like oval cells in the adult liver, the hepatic stem cells mainly locate at the periportal region at 10-12 wk.

wk， 肝干细胞开始向肝细胞系分化， 7 wk向胆管系分化， 10-12 wk，肝干细胞主要局限于汇管区周围的肝索，与成年肝中卵圆细胞的分布一致。

The result showed that PSexternalization. This observation suggested that apoptotic neurons losed membranephospholipid asymmetry and exposed PS on the outer leaflet of the plasmamembrane. Macrophages then phagocytose apoptotic neurons after specific recognition of theexposed PS.

流式细胞术检测磷脂酰丝氨酸，结果表明凋亡的神经细胞PS外翻，证明AVM可使凋亡的神经细胞膜丧失不对称性，细胞膜中的PS由脂膜内侧翻向外侧，可被吞噬细胞识别后导致凋亡细胞的清除。

Parasitizing specially in the cytoplasma of small granular hemocytes, RLOs formed an inclusion body in host cell, in which, RLOs propagated in mass and caused the host cell swelling and disorganizing, subsequently released and infected other target histocytes, resulted in the arising of such symptoms as debility and shivering of limbs, etc..

RLOs专一性寄生于小颗粒细胞的胞质内，以包涵体的形式生长繁殖，随着RLOs的快速增殖，包涵体内RLOs数目显著增多，且多呈圆形，包涵体极度膨胀，将细胞核压向周边，最终细胞被胀破，释放出RLOs再去侵染其它组织和器官，造成颤抖、肌无力等全身症状。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。