向细胞的

Whereas, the tapetum of Zhenshan 97A disaggregated at the pollen mother cell stage, the nuclear membrane and the cell membrane disaggregated, the phenomena continued to the binucleate pollen stage. The cytoplasm of the tapetum cells of Zhenshan 97A deposited a few Ca^2＋ precipitates at the pollen mother cell stage.

珍汕97A绒毡层细胞从花粉母细胞时期开始，细胞质内有少量颗粒状的Ca^2＋沉淀；减数分裂时期，绒毡层细胞的内切向壁表面有大量大颗粒的Ca^2＋沉淀；单核花粉时期绒毡层细胞周围集聚一层Ca^2＋沉淀。

Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent cells derived from many adult tissues, which can differentiate into cells of the mesodermal lineage, such as adipocyte, osteocyte and chondrocyte, as well as cells of other embryonic lineages. They are a promising tool for tissue engineering.

间充质干细胞是一类可从多类成体组织中分离的能向脂肪细胞、成骨细胞和软骨细胞等分化的成体干细胞，是组织工程细胞的一个理想来源。

The results showed that:(1) Many proliferating cells were distributed unevenly in the ventricular zone of telencephalon, and the [3H] labeled cells were found to be populated in the lateral ventricular zone of neostriatum at brain level L12~L14,forming proliferation "hot spots";(2) Having underwent mitosis twice, the proliferative cells in the VZ began to migrate laterally 6 days after intramuscular injection of [3H] thymidine, and these migrating precursor cells terminated at their targets and differentiated into new neurons on the 30th day.

结果发现：①端脑室带区中存在不均匀分布的[3H]标记细胞，大量标记细胞分布在端脑尾侧新纹状体水平(L1～L14)的VZ，形成标记细胞的&热点&区；②标记细胞经两次有丝分裂后，大约在肌肉注射[3H]的第6天后开始从VZ向外迁移，在30天左右到达目的脑区并分化成为成熟神经元。

The cytoplasm of the tapetum cells of Zhenshan 97A deposited a few Ca(superscript 2+) precipitates at the pollen mother cell stage. At the meiosis stage, there were many large Ca(superscript 2+) precipitates at the inner longitudinal cell wall; there were a layer Ca(superscript 2+) precipitates around the tapetal cells.

珍汕97A绒毡层细胞从花粉母细胞时期开始，细胞质内有少量颗粒状的Ca(上标 2+)沉淀；减数分裂时期，绒毡层细胞的内切向壁表面有大量大颗粒的Ca(上标 2+)沉淀；单核花粉时期绒毡层细胞周围集聚一层Ca(上标 2+)沉淀。

The etiology and pathogenesis is not very clear,may be due to excessive mechanical load or unbalanced distribution of cartilage wear,and then chondrocyte metabolic changes.Cell release a variety of catabolic enzymes that lead to aggrecan degradation,collagen network useless and cartilage unhomogeneity.

整合素作为细胞表面受体使整合素在细胞跨膜信号传递中起一定的作用，并且参与细胞的多种生理功能，如细胞的生长、发育、分化、凋亡等，同时参与多种病理过程，如淋巴细胞向炎症部位的聚集及肿瘤细胞的浸润等[2]。

The transmission is conducted in the form of action potentials along the axon of DRG neuron to the presynaptic membrane in spinal dorsal horn. Action potential depolarizes the presynaptic membrane and activates the voltage-dependent Ca〓 channel. The influx of Ca〓 then triggers the release of neurotransmitter.

外界感觉信息以动作电位的形式沿DRG细胞轴突由外周传向DRG细胞在脊髓背角的突触前膜，导致细胞膜去极化，引起电压依赖性〓通道的开放，〓内流介导突触前膜神经递质的释放，从而完成感觉信息由外周向脊髓的传递。

Part III: Peripheral blood dendritic cells in coronary atheroscleroticdiseaseObjectives: Dendritic cells subsets, Myeloid DC and plasmacytoid DC, regulate immune reactions by polarising naive T-helper cells into a Th1 or Th2 response, respectively.

第三部分：冠心病患者外周血树突状细胞亚型的变化的研究目的：树突状细胞的两个亚型，髓样DC和浆细胞样DC分别是促使T辅助细胞向Th1和Th2免疫应答转化的抗原呈递细胞。

In the process of hair follicle regeneration, GFP+ cells located in outer root sheath cells of the hair follicle could different to epidermal cell around hair follicle.

此外，本实验观察到，在毛囊再生过程中，位于新生毛囊外根鞘细胞的荧光细胞可向毛囊周边表皮细胞迁移分化和增殖。

We synchronized the wheat cell suspension cultures, then added Novobiocin—an inhibitor of TopoⅡ to the cell suspension, changs of the ratio of M/T were observed within 48 hours.

用aphidicolin使小麦悬浮系细胞同步化，然后向细胞培养液中加入TopoⅡ抑制剂新生霉素，48小时内观察分裂中期细胞比率的动态变化。

The results showed that after 2 h of culture in MEM the chromosomes of oocyte were seperated to form telophase I while a small spindle was observed around chromosomes of primary spermatocyte. However, two clear spindles were observed in the oocytes cultured in CB containing MEM. After further culture, the chromosomes of both primary spermatocyte and oocyte intermingled and formed one large spindle.

在无CB的培养液中培养的卵母细胞培养2小时后，卵母细胞已经进入第一次减数分裂的后期，染色体开始被拉向两极，而精母细胞的MI纺锤体才刚刚形成，虽然继续培养两者染色体可以合二为一并形成一个纺锤体，但是有些染色体发生滞后；当卵母细胞在含有CB的培养液中培养2小时后，在卵母细胞内形成两个相似大小的MI纺锤体，进一步培养形成一个大的纺锤体，染色体正常。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。