向细胞的

60Mm anterior and 1. 20mm lateral to bregma and 4. 00mm ventral to the cortical surface . 2 days later, ICH was induced by the standard method. At 7d, animals were sacrificed to investigate distribution of EGFP-expressing or BrdU-labeled cells around hemotoma.

根据以上实验结果，在分离、培养、传代获得NSC的基础上，采用pEGFP转染或BrdU标记体外培养NSC后，将细胞移植入前囟前1.60mm，矢状缝向右1.20mm，深4.00mm的细胞增生活跃的前脑脑室下区。2d后诱导脑出血模型，出血后7d处死动物检测EGFP或BrdU阳性细胞在血肿周围的分布情况。

It means that macrophage may relay brucella antigen to DCs by cell fraction or vesicle.

这表明巨噬细胞可能以细胞碎片或膜包小泡的方式向DCs传递抗原。

Autologous MSC can be obtained easily, their source in human are plenty, own active proliferation and potential to difference into chondroblast. Now MSC become the chief seed-cell in cartilage tissue engineer, but the technology to stimulate MSC differentiate into chondroblast is not very successful, the standard technology is culture the cell-ball in centrifuge tube, the reconstructured cartilage-like tissue is not achieve the mechanics of hyaline cartilage.

自体骨髓基质干细胞来源丰富，取材容易，具有旺盛的增殖能力及向成软骨细胞分化的潜能，已成为软骨组织工程的首选种子细胞，但MSC诱导分化为成软骨细胞且应用于软骨组织工程的技术尚不十分完善，目前主要采用的技术为细胞团块离心管培养，其构建的软骨组织在力学性能上很难达到关节软骨的要求。

Autologous MSC can be obtained easily,their source in human are plenty , own active proliferationand potential to difference into chondroblast. Now MSC become the chief seed-cell in cartilage tissue engineer , but the technology to stimulate MSC differentiate into chondroblast is not very successful,,the standard technology is culture the cell-ball in centrifuge tube,the reconstructured cartilage-like tissue is not achieve the mechanics of hyaline cartilage.

自体骨髓基质干细胞来源丰富，取材容易，具有旺盛的增殖能力及向成软骨细胞分化的潜能，已成为软骨组织工程的首选种子细胞，但MSC诱导分化为成软骨细胞且应用于软骨组织工程的技术尚不十分完善，目前主要采用的技术为细胞团块离心管培养，其构建的软骨组织在力学性能上很难达到关节软骨的要求。

Furthermore, K562 cells transfected by lentivirus plasmids were induced into the erythropoietic cells and the erythropoietic differentiation of K562 cells were examined by benzidine staining, immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR.

进一步对SOCS-3基因沉默后的K562细胞进行了诱导分化，并采用联苯胺染色法检测K562细胞向红系分化比例变化，免疫荧光染色检测细胞表面抗原的变化，RT-PCR 检测造血相关基因的变化。

The biomechanical tests showed that two kinds of artificial bones had not significant difference on compressive strength and Young\'s modulus(P＞0.05),while the flexural strength of nano-nacre artificial bone was less than the control group(P＜0.05).3.The results of CCK-8 showed that the difference were not significant in each group,the proliferation of osteoblast reached the peak at the 5th day;7 days after being co-cultured,the total protein content of study group was higher than control group and blank group(P＜0.05),while the difference between control group and blank group was not significantP＞0.05The difference of alkaline phosphatase activities among three groups was not significant(P＞0.05The SEM view showed that osteoblast attached and grew well in two kinds of artificial bone.4.X-ray photography showed that two kinds of powder started to degrade in 2 weeks;this phenomenon became more appear in 4 weeks,nano-nacre powder degraded faster than micron-nacre powder,while the hole shadow was easy to be found;in 8 weeks,all the femoral holes recovered and returned to normal bone mineral density in all groups.Analysis of tetracycline fluorescent double marks in the hard tissue grinding slices indicated that new bone grew fastest around the bone defect area in study group,while most slowly in blank groupP＜0.05 SEM(scanning electron microscope observation showed that nano-nacre powder degraded more quickly.The same result can be found through the demineralized sections morphometric analysis,and both of the composite artificial bones made from those two kinds of nacre powder had the good connection with the adjacent tissue in rats body without apparent inflammatory response.5.X-ray photography showed that rabbit\'s bone defects healed faster in study group since NNAB implanted than in control group since MNAB implanted.At 24 weeks after operation,bone density in radial defects had nearly accessed to the normal area,while lower in control group,and turned up nonunion in blank group;The checking of BMD showed that results in study group were higher than those in control group at 8,16 and 24 week(P＜0.05), and the difference between the BMD values in study group at 24 week and those in blank group was not significant(P＞0.05).The gross specimens showed satisfactory histocompatibility both in study group and in control group,with bone tissue growing from two sides into the center of implanted materials; Normal slices in HE stain and hard tissue grinding slices in Stevenel\'s blue/Van Geison\'s picro-fuchsin stain showed that the bone growth tendency was better in study group than that in control group,and the medullary cavity had been penetrated to the implanted materials in study group at 24 week;Analysis of tetracycline fluorescent double marks in the hard tissue grinding slices indicated that new bone in both groups grew fastest 8 weeks after surgery,while slow down at 16 week.

纳米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨与微米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨分别与成骨细胞共培养后，其各时间点CCK-8法检测值与空白对照无显著差异(P＞0.05)，成骨细胞均在第5天达到增殖高峰期；培养7天后，实验组细胞蛋白含量高于对照组及空白组(P＜0.05)，后两者之间则无显著差异P＞0.05碱性磷酸酶活性在三组间均无显著差异(P＞0.05电镜下可见成骨细胞在两种人工骨上都有良好生长贴附能力。4.X-ray显示两种粉体在大鼠股骨骨洞植入第2周时都开始出现了降解，第4周时更为明显，纳米珍珠层粉较之微米珍珠层粉降解更快，而空白对照组骨洞阴影仍可见，至8周时，则所有组骨洞均己闭合修复，X-ray下已不可见原钻孔痕迹，恢复正常骨质密度；硬组织磨片四环素荧光双标记结果显示纳米珍珠层粉植入组较其余两组在骨缺损区周围新骨生长速度更快，空白组速度最慢P＜0.05电镜观察及常规脱钙切片亦可见到纳米粉体降解较快；由以上两种原材料制得的纳米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨与微米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨在大鼠体内均与周围组织结合良好，无明显炎症反应。5.X-ray显示纳米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨植入兔桡骨缺损区后其骨愈合速度较对照组微米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨植入的快，至植入术后24周，实验组骨缺损区接近正常骨密度，对照组骨缺损区密度较低，空白组则呈现骨不连状态；骨密度测量结果显示术后8周、16周、24周实验组的骨密度值高于对照组(P＜0.05，24周实验组的骨密度值与术前所测得的正常值无显著性差异P＞0.05动物取材大体所见均显示组织相容性良好，骨组织逐渐由植入材料两端向中央生长；常规切片HE染色及硬组织磨片Stevenel\'s blue/Van Geison\'s picro-fuchsin联合染色均可见实验组骨缺损区长势优于对照组，至术后24周，实验组骨髓腔与材料已呈相交通状；硬组织磨片荧光显微镜下观察，两组材料在术后8周处于骨生长最快速时期，16周时速度开始减慢，术后4、8、16周时实验组的新骨生长速度均较对照组的快

Their ability to self-renew and differentiate into tissues of mesodermal origin (osteocytes, adipocytes, chondrocytes) and their lack of expression of haemopoietic molecules are currently the main criteria for isolation.

当前分离的主要标准是根据他们自我更新并向中胚层来源组织（骨细胞，脂肪细胞，软骨细胞）分化的能力以及缺乏造血相关分子表达的特点。

Bone marrow stromal cells are cells got rid of hemopoietic stem cells in marrow cell of mature individual, which is approved to be multi-differentiation potential including transforming into neural stem cell, and differentiation into neurs and neuroglial cell.

骨髓基质细胞(Bone marrow stromal cells，BMSCs)是成体骨髓细胞中除造血干细胞之外的另一类骨髓干细胞，近年来的研究证明其具有多向分化的潜能，包括向神经干细胞转化，并可进一步分化为神经元和神经胶质细胞。

In general, our primary culture performed better in myogenic differentiation, while the externally obtained cells were superior in the odontogenic/osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation pathways.

原代培养的 hDPSCs 成肌分化能力强，而冻存的细胞牙向/骨向、软骨向分化能力强。

RESULTS:①Growth and adhension of osteoblasts: 24 hours after inoculation, osteoblasts were fully adhered to the wall in the BPCB group and cover slip group.

细胞在材料上的生长及附着：随着培养时间的延长，附着于材料表面和孔隙的细胞数量逐渐增多，并向孔隙内部长入，细胞形态以多角形为主。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。