向细胞的

The two neck cells of the archegonium divided to fo rm four neck cells before fertilization, this division happened prior to the div ision of the central cell, but at times they divided synchronously.

颈卵器的2个颈细胞在受精前进行一次斜向分裂形成4个颈细胞，此分裂一般早于中央细胞的分裂，偶尔也可见颈细胞和中央细胞同时分裂。

The typical structural characteristics of oil cells include, presence of a tripartite cell wall, in which the outer and inner layers are cellulose, the middle layer is a suberin layer lamellated; presence of a cupule attaching the oil vacuole to the wall; presence of plasmodesmata occurring in wall protuberances, which is coursed by the suberin layer.

成熟油细胞结构的典型特征是：具有三层暗明暗相间的细胞壁，内外两层是纤维素壁层，电子不透明，中间一层是电子透明的木栓质化壁层，由明暗相间的片层结构组成；细胞腔被油囊充满，它由一个细胞壁向内突起的杯形构造连接于细胞壁上：胞间连丝发生于由木栓质化壁层形成的一个向内的突起中。

During the fertilization of angiosperms, the degenerated synergid induces a pollen tube to enter and break the pollen tube to release two sperm cells, which fuse with the egg and central cell.

在受精过程中，助细胞吸引花粉管向雌配子体生长，并接受花粉管长入细胞程序死亡助细胞中。接下来的花粉管停止生长和花粉管顶端破裂释放出2个精细胞的过程可能也依赖于助细胞。

Nerve stem cell can be differentiation into astroblast, oligodendrocyte and nerve cell induced by factors.

神经干细胞的增殖分化可受各种因素的影响，目前已知，许多细胞因子，生长因子，营养因子以及细胞外环境等因素的作用，可诱导神经干细胞向不同的终末细胞分化，若能在体外分离培养神经干细胞并在促分化因子的作用下，诱导神经干细胞向某一特定方向分化，将为干细胞的分化机制提供有力的实验依据。

Spontaneous differentiation of ESCs and iPSCs into cardiomyocytes is however limited. To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms and effectively differentiate these pluripotent cells into specific cardiomyocytes are crucial to obtain fundamental knowledge in cardiogenesis, screen drugs and promote the usage of these cells in replacement therapy. This review summarizes the current state of differentiation of cardiomyocytes from mouse and human ESCs and their regulatory factors.

但这些多能干细胞向心肌细胞自发分化的效率非常低，因此，如何有效地诱导这些多能干细胞向心肌细胞的定向分化对深入认识心肌发生发育的关键调控机制和实现其在药物发现和再生医学，如心肌梗塞、心力衰竭的细胞治疗以及心肌组织工程中的应用均具有非常重要的意义。

Spontaneous differentiation of ESCs and iPSCs into cardiomyocytes is however limited. To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms and effectively differentiate these pluripotent cells into specific cardiomyocytes are crucial to obtain fundamental knowledge in cardiogenesis, screen drugs and promote the usage of these cells in replacement therapy.

但这些多能干细胞向心肌细胞自发分化的效率非常低，因此，如何有效地诱导这些多能干细胞向心肌细胞的定向分化对深入认识心肌发生发育的关键调控机制和实现其在药物发现和再生医学，如心肌梗塞、心力衰竭的细胞治疗以及心肌组织工程中的应用均具有非常重要的意义。

Objective: To study the changes of the intrinsic electrophysiological characteristics of cerebellar Purkinje cells during the stage of the elevation of intracellular Ca(superscript 2+) through micro-injected of IP3 receptor excitomotor of Purkinje cells in cerebellar vermis.

目的：通过向细胞内微量注射IP3受体激动剂诱发细胞内高钙，探讨细胞内高钙对小鼠小脑浦肯野细胞内在电生理特性变化的影响。

In this study, Mono-nuclear cells containing hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells were isolated from umbilical cord blood of normal full-term deliveries, healthy adult and heterocellular HPFH patient bone marrow by density gradient centrifugation. After simple purification and expansion in vitro, MNCs were induced to erythroid cell differentiation using different culture systems and cytokines including Epo, IL-3 and GM-CSF.

本研究首先利用密度梯度离心方法，从正常成人和异细胞型遗传性胎儿血红蛋白持续存在综合症家系患者的骨髓组织、健康足月正常分娩胎儿脐带血中分离得到了含有造血干／祖细胞的单个核细胞(Mono-Nuclear Cell，MNC)，进行初步纯化及体外扩增后，组合使用Epo、IL-3、GM-CSF等细胞因子，将造血干／祖细胞向红系方向进行诱导培养。

That GER cells which are likely hair cell progenitors could be cultured in vitro and generate stereociliary bundle-like structure when forced to express Hath1 suggests that the misexpression of Hath1 probably can induce the predifferentiation of pure hair cell progenitors into hair cells in vitro.

GER细胞作为毛细胞前体细胞可以实现体外原代培养，在Hath1基因重表达情况下，部分细胞的表面可见不成熟的纤毛样结构，提示Hath1基因也许可以诱导离体培养下的纯的毛细胞前体细胞向毛细胞的初步分化。

Methods Periosteal cells were isolated and cultured in vitro and then exposed to dexamethasone 10 -8 mol/L, 10 -7 mol/L an...

利用多种细胞因子促进细胞向成骨细胞的分化，以保证细胞在植入体内后能够保持并充分发挥其成骨活

By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions of the government.

到它被攻陷的时候，里面多数的犯人是写了反对政府贪污文章的作家。

The most obvious variation to ovum morphological character was that the color was changed from light green to sepiaceous in embryonic development, and all the ovums were almost hatched after 96h.

在胚胎发育过程中卵的形态特征最明显的变化是颜色从淡绿到深褐色，卵在发育96h后卵基本全部孵化。