向细胞的

For the recovery stroke, the cilium bends near the base, and the bend moves down the length of the cilium as it hugs the surface of the cell until it reaches its previous stretched out position, again having moved 180 degrees back to its original position.

之后是recovery stroke，纤毛在根部附近开始弯曲，这弯曲的动作沿着纤毛的长度移动，使其逐步靠向细胞表面，直至回复原本伸展的状态，即是同样移动了180度回到初始位置。

These DSs were first observed at 9 weeks in the distal part of ascending fibers that consist of gracile fasciculus and cerebellospinal-gracile nucleus and white matter of cerebellum. They extend along medulla oblongate to medulla cervix、medulla thorax、medulla lumbalis in accordance with dying-back type degeneration. The corticospinal tract were affected at 18 weeks,and thalamus、the olfactory pathway、the visal pathway、the auditory pathway were affected at 32 weeks.

这种DS从9周龄开始，首先在构成薄束路和脊髓小脑后路的上行纤维的远端区域-薄束核区和小脑白质出现，逐渐按照延髓、颈髓、胸髓、腰髓的顺序，向细胞体方向逆行性地进展。18周龄时波及到锥体路，32周龄时进一步波及到丘脑和嗅觉、视觉、听觉传导路。

The genes the researchers found to be methylated specifically in the tumor samples might control the conversion of normal cells into cancer cells, Dr. Minna said, but this possibility needs to be tested on a case-by-case basis.

Minna博士还补充到，研究人员发现的这些尤其是在肿瘤标本中发生甲基化的基因，可能控制着正常细胞向癌细胞的转变，但是该可能性需要通过个案原则加以验证。

During this phase the homologous chromosomes undergo synapsis, or pairing, which is brought about by a bridging structure of proteins and RNA called the synaptonemal complex.

与有丝分裂不同的是，每组染色体的两个染色单体连接在着丝点上并一起移向细胞两极的一级。

Observation using transmission electron microscopy found the irreversible centripetal movement of chloroplasts in chlorotic plants, as a result occurred in three sequential events:(1) chloroplast positions changed from face position (with long axis of chloroplasts at the cell walls perpendicular to light ray) to profile position (with long axis chloroplasts near the cell walls parallel to light ray),(2) chloroplast shapes changed from long elliptical to circular,(3) chloroplasts were separated from the cell wall and moved to the center of the cell.

透射电镜观察发现失绿叶片中的叶绿体发生不可逆的向心运动，整个过程大致经历以下几个阶段：(1)叶绿体从叶绿体长轴垂直于光线转变至叶绿体长轴平行于光线；(2)叶绿体的形状从椭圆形转变为圆形；(3)叶绿体脱离细胞壁向细胞中心运动。

We mainly to cured on the mechanism of kidney development, inducing of embryonal kidney development in vivo as well as the status in quo of using stem cells in kidney diseases therapy.

包括：体外诱导胚肾组织发育；体外诱导干细胞向肾脏细胞的分化；骨髓、成体肾和胚胎肾来源的干细胞用于肾脏疾患治疗的研究。

Inhibition of EGFR signaling can delay endochondral ossification,osteoclast recruitment and decrease osteoclast formation.

EGFR信号转导机制可能通过调节破骨细胞的生成，影响其向中心生长板的募集，从而影响小鼠初级软骨内骨化的进展。

Objective To study the location of the accessory foramina of the mandible and assess the possible route of spread of the tumour cell to the mandible.

目的研究下颌副孔的位置，探讨肿瘤细胞向下颌骨的播散途径。

Roslglitasone, an insulin sensitizer, might up-regulate GLUT4 and CAP along with the peroxisome proliferators activated receptor gamma, which not only increases the GLUT4, but also activates the CAP-depended signaling pathway; improves the translocating of GLUT4 to the cell membrane; and increases the ability of glucose-uptake of cells.

罗格列酮可能通过启动其下游基因GLUT4和CAP基因表达，增加GLUT4的数目，并激活CAP信号途径，提高GLUT4向细胞膜的转位，改善细胞对葡萄糖的摄取，从而改善胰岛素抵抗。

That therapeutic promise, the meeting's three panellists explain to us, comes from stem cells' chameleon-like ability to turn into any of the cells that make up the body's tissues and organs.

会议的三位小组发言人向我们解释了干细胞技术治愈疾病的希望，那就是利用干细胞能够分化成任何一种用于构建身体组织器官细胞的能力。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。