向水

The tryptophan residues play important roles in DNA photoreactivation catalyzed by CPD photolyases. We have investigated the action mechanism concerning Trp in DNA photoreactivation, and obtained the results as follows: 1 We proposed a mechanism of photosensitized splitting of CPDs by Trp and Trp-containing peptides. 2 Quantum yields of splitting of the model compounds that a Trp linked covalently a CPD were obtained under 290 nm light in various solvents, these values changing with solvent, range from 0.01 to 0.5. 3 Utilizing pulse radiolysis technique, splitting processes were observed in aqueous solution of the CPDs with hydrated electron and some oxidative species (such as hydroxyl radical, bromic radical and azide radical), and obtained their rate constants. In the case of interaction between CPD and hydrated electron, splitting of the CPD anion, and pyrimidine anion transfer an electron to FAD or Rf, were observed. The process rate was slower one order more than that in photolyase. Minor, but highly mutagenic UV-light-induced lesions are (6-4) photoproducts, which are repaired by (6-4) photolyases. These enzymes, discovered in 1993, are not well characterized and their mechanism is still under investigation.

我们研究它的作用机理，获得以下结果：1）建立了色氨酸及其肽对嘧啶二聚体光敏化裂解的直接修复作用机理模型；2）获得了色氨酸共价键连接于嘧啶二聚体的化合物在多种溶剂中290nm光辐照裂解的量子效率，其值随溶剂而变化，范围在0.01-0.5；3）运用脉冲辐解观察到嘧啶二聚体与水合电子和一些氧化性的自由基作用裂解过程，得到相应速率常数；对二聚体与水合电子作用发生裂解以及向FAD返还电子的过程进行了体外模拟；4）（6-4）光解酶的作用机理中一个关键假定是氧杂环丁烷中间体在接受电子后能自发裂解，恢复二嘧啶的结构。

Both crystallographically unique Zn atoms exit as an octahedral geometry. The four equatorial positions of Zn1 atom are occupied by the carboxylate-oxygen atoms of the two tartrates, and the two oxygens of the left four carboxylate-oxygen atoms coordinate to two different Zn2 atoms, respectively, forming infinite coordination polymer chains. The left two of the trans equatorial positions of Zn2 atom are completed with two oxygen atoms of two water molecules. The axial positions of both Zn atoms are occupied by the nitrogen atoms from different 4,4'-bipyridine molecules to give a 2D rectangular-grid layers with a cavity dimension of 0.51165(3)nm×1.13896(5) nm. A three dimensional network is formed by the crystallization water chains joined by the carboxylate-oxygen atoms through hydrogen-bonding interactions.

两个晶体学独立的Zn原子均为八面体构型，其中Zn1原子赤道配位点被2个酒石酸根中的4个羧酸根氧螯合配位， 2个酒石酸根中剩下的4个羧酸根氧中的2个分别与2个Zn2原子连接形成无限一维链， Zn2原子的另外2个反式赤道配位点被2个水分子氧占据，同时这两种Zn原子的轴向配位点均被4，4'-联吡啶的氮原子占据，形成具有矩形格子[0.51165(3) nm×1.13896(5) nm]的二维层状结构，游离的2个水分子通过氢键作用形成二聚体，并与酒石酸根中未与Zn配位的羧酸氧连接，把二维层状结构连接成三维网状的超分子结构。

Take DMSO swollen treatment and DEA-SO2-DMSO decrystallization treatment for example, the X-ray diffraction and the Tobolsky's intermittent stress relaxation of treated woods were determined during soaking in water, analyzed the effects of water on crystal degree and inter-cohesion of treated woods. According to these continuous relaxation curves measured in water with different temperatures, various thermodynamic quantities were obtained by using Eyring absolute rate theory, and reviewed the chemical reactions in wood which occur in different relaxation process. For the first time quantify these crosslinkings formed in the process of tensional relaxation by using the SMCIR intermittent stress relaxation way, and defined the cross-linking reaction types. In order to find out the contribute of drying to the fixation of deformation of chemically treated wood, stress relaxation of oven-dry untreated and treated wood was measured during the process of temperature elevation and descend, then analyzed the effect of temperature change on relaxation mechanism of treated oven-dry wood. According to continuous relaxation curves of oven-dry treated wood under various constant temperature, calculated the thermodynamics of relaxation process and discussed the mechanism of molecule change in wood, at the same time, also quantified these cross-linkings produced in wood by intermittent method and on the basis of which the model of molecular change during relaxation process of chemically treated was constructed.

以DMSO膨胀处理及DEA- SO2-DMSO非晶化塑化处理为例，测定了两种处理木材在水浸渍过程中的X射线衍射及Tobolsky间歇应力松弛，分析了水对处理木材结晶度及内部凝聚力的影响；通过未处理和两种处理木材在不同温度水中的连续应力松弛测定，应用Eyring的绝对速度反应理论计算并获得了松弛过程中的各热力学量，分析了在水中松弛过程中不同阶段木材内部发生的化学反应；并首次采用SMCIR连续·不连续双曲线应力松弛法定量了轴向拉伸应力松弛过程中木材内部产生的架桥量，明确了交联反应的类型；为了了解干燥对处理木材塑性变形固定的影响，测定了未处理和两种处理绝干木材在温度下降过程和上升过程中的应力松弛，分析了温度变化对处理绝干木材应力松弛的影响；根据多个温度水平下的连续应力松弛测定曲线，计算松弛过程的热力学量，考察了绝干木材在松弛过程中内部发生的分子变化机理，同时也用间歇法定量了木材内部新形成的架桥量，并在此基础上构筑处理木材在松弛过程中内部分子构造的变化模型。

Cation group has the capability of charge neutrality and this would make oily wastewater demulsify and remove oil easily. Hydrophobic group would improve hydrophobic-oleophilic nature of the oil granule. Simultaneously, wetting reversed agent would change wetting performance of oil granule, enhance conglutination capability between air bubble and oil granule. And Frother would form bigger foam layer on the water, so it could prevnt granule with air bubble from rolling downward.Using the hydrophobic polymeric flocculant as one of ingredients for flotation agent formula, the flotation agent has good treatment effect.

浮选剂配方中的疏水性高分子絮凝剂分子链上带有的阳离子基团起到电中和作用，使含油污水易于破乳除油，而疏水基团能增强颗粒的疏水性能；润湿反转剂能改变颗粒的润湿性，增强气泡与颗粒的粘附能力；起泡剂在水面能形成强度较大的泡沫层，起阻止带气絮粒向下翻动的作用。

The case study found: the boy's play therapy went through 3 phrases, including "knowing the therapeutic conditions well","establishing of therapeutic relationship","developing play therapy evolutionally"; the clues from which to judge relationship included "verbal and nonverbal interaction between therapist and the boy","the boy's dealing with his parents ","his 'first' behavior", the aim of establishing was to form "mother-child unity"; the relationship between therapist and the boy's parents passed through "admitting the facts","opening their feelings" and "detailed guidance"; the development of the boy's play consisted in the larger degree of digging and moving sand(showing that the therapy went deep into the boy's mind and his sense of strength was improving), the increasing of imaginative plays(showing that the boy began to pay attention to others and knew how to play), from playing by himself to cooperating with therapist(showing that he felt the happiness in cooperating and interacting with others and was gaining self-confidence which was favorable to be transferred to his lives and be used to communicating with others), sand and water were very important therapeutic factors for the boy(sand could mobilize his sense of feeling and touching , awakening his energy and regulating it. water could provide relaxed feeling, sense of being contained and satisfied and enlighten his imagination).

研究发现，个案的游戏治疗经历了三个阶段，即&熟悉治疗环境阶段&、&治疗关系建立阶段&和&游戏治疗深入发展阶段&；考察治疗关系建立的指标包括&个案与治疗者之间的言语和非言语互动&、&个案与父母的关系处理&和&个案的'第一次'行为&，建立的目标是&母子一体性&的形成；治疗者与个案父母关系的建立经过了&接纳事实&、&开放情感&和&具体指导&三个阶段；个案在治疗中游戏的发展表现为：动沙的力度增大，说明治疗深入了个案内心，其自我能量感在增强，游戏中的想象性成分不断增多，说明其对周围事物和他人关注了，开始&会&游戏，从单独游戏逐渐向简单合作游戏发展，说明其体验到了合作和互动的快乐，并从中渐渐获得自信，有助于个案将这种体验和自信迁移到日常生活中，尝试与他人互动；沙和水是个案游戏治疗中的重要治疗因素，沙可以调动自闭症幼儿的感触觉，唤醒其潜在能量，调整能量分配，水给自闭症儿童一种轻松感、包容感和满足感，并引发其想象。

The case study found: the boy"s play therapy went through 3 phrases, including "knowing the therapeutic conditions well","establishing of therapeutic relationship","developing play therapy evolutionally"; the clues from which to judge relationship included "verbal and nonverbal interaction between therapist and the boy","the boy"s dealing with his parents ","his "first" behavior", the aim of establishing was to form "mother-child unity"; the relationship between therapist and the boy"s parents passed through "admitting the facts","opening their feelings" and "detailed guidance"; the development of the boy"s play consisted in the larger degree of digging and moving sand(showing that the therapy went deep into the boys mind and his sense of strength was improving), the increasing of imaginative plays(showing that the boy began to pay attention to others and knew how to play), from playing by himself to cooperating with therapist(showing that he felt the happiness in cooperating and interacting with others and was gaining self-confidence which was favorable to be transferred to his lives and be used to communicating with others), sand and water were very important therapeutic factors for the boy(sand could mobilize his sense of feeling and touching , awakening his energy and regulating it. water could provide relaxed feeling, sense of being contained and satisfied andenlighten his imagination).

研究发现，个案的游戏治疗经历了三个阶段，即&熟悉治疗环境阶段&、&治疗关系建立阶段&和&游戏治疗深入发展阶段&；考察治疗关系建立的指标包括&个案与治疗者之间的言语和非言语互动&、&个案与父母的关系处理&和&个案的'第一次'行为&，建立的目标是&母子一体性&的形成；治疗者与个案父母关系的建立经过了&接纳事实&、&开放情感&和&具体指导&三个阶段；个案在治疗中游戏的发展表现为：动沙的力度增大，说明治疗深入了个案内心，其自我能量感在增强，游戏中的想象性成分不断增多，说明其对周围事物和他人关注了，开始&会&游戏，从单独游戏逐渐向简单合作游戏发展，说明其体验到了合作和互动的快乐，并从中渐渐获得自信，有助于个案将这种体验和自信迁移到日常生活中，尝试与他人互动；沙和水是个案游戏治疗中的重要治疗因素，沙可以调动自闭症幼儿的感触觉，唤醒其潜在能量，调整能量分配，水给自闭症儿童一种轻松感、包容感和满足感，并引发其想象。

The digestion process includes the following steps: adding 0.15 % concentration collagenase II solution compounded with DMEM into blood vessel smooth muscle tissue block and acting in water bath for 1.5 hr until forming floccular tissue; cleaning with 0.02 % EDTA solution, adding 0.125 % trypsase solution and water bath vibrating to digest at 37 deg.c to obtain dispersed smooth muscle cells; terminating enzyme action with 10 % new born ox serum culture liquid; regulating cell concentration with 20 % new born ox serum culture liquid to 50,000-500,000/L, inoculation, and culturing in culture tank with 5 % CO2 and first 37 deg.c to cell fusion of 70-80 %; and subculturing conventionally.

向血管平滑肌组织块中，加入用DMEM配制的0.15％胶原酶II溶液，水浴箱中作用1.5h，至组织呈絮状，用0.02％的EDTA清洗，然后，加入0.125％胰蛋白酶溶液，于37℃水浴振荡消化，即可得到分散的平滑肌细胞，用10％新生牛血清的培养液终止酶的作用。加入含20％新生牛血清的培养液，调节细胞密度为5×104～5×105个/L，接种，放入5％CO2、37℃培养箱中培养。当细胞达到70％～80％融合时即可按常规方法传代。

Testing for"K"、diffusivity"D"of wetland soil transmissivity and simulation of hydrologic processes of typical wetlands are made based on the indoor dynamic modeling experiment and the mathematic model simulations. The hydrologic response of river distinguish form that of the wetlands. And this is because that wetland has special hydrologic functions. The hydroperiod of wetlands is coincident with the precipitation period of watershed.

通过室内动态模拟实验测定了不同断面沼泽土壤的导水率K和扩散率D，水文数学模型RMA2模型和GIS相结合模拟了典型沼泽湿地的水文过程，河流和沼泽湿地的水文响向应具有明显的差异性，这是沼泽湿地水系统具有特殊水文功能的基础，沼泽的水文周期与流域降水周期是一致的。

The impact of temperature,pH and ionic strength on the volume phase transition of the hydrogels is studied.The result shows that the volume phase transition temperature of ionizable and thermosenstive copolymer hydrogels depend upon the hydrophilic/hydrophobic character of the comonomers...

结果表明，疏水基末端端基的疏水程度决定凝胶体积相变的速率，随着疏水性单体甲基丙烯酸酯烷基链的增长，凝胶的疏水性增强，凝胶的相转变pH向低pH处迁移；温度高于LCST时，分子间的氢键作用减弱，疏水基团间的相互作用加强，凝胶发生体积相变。

Through designing of composition and structure of the bioactive graded coating,innerstress and its distribution in the coating were analyzed and calculated, the resultsshowed that when composition distribution coefficient n was 1.5, a reasonable stressdistribution could be got, that was at the beginning of deposition the suspension containingrichly BG granules was used so that a rich BG granules layer, a good transitional layerbetween BG layer at the bottom and the coating could be obtained at the titanium alloy side,the bottom of the coating; the stress value near the interface and surface and its character,pressure stress or tensile stress, were decided by the character of its composition itself.Changing composition distribution coefficient n could only change the variation tendency ofstress in the coating, but did not change the stress distribution rule in the coating. Thethinner the coating is, the sharper stress variation in the coating is, which does not mean thatthicker coating is better because the thicker the coating is, the little the permitteddeformation of coating is, so the coating thickness should be thinner, for example, about50μm for bending applications, but for applications only bearing pure shear stress, such asroot of tooth implant, the coating can be thicker little, for instance, about 80～100μm. The study on electrification characteristic and electrophoresis deposition of HAand BG granules in aqueous and non-aqueous solution system found that EPD almost didn'toccur in aqueous solution system. However, because HA granules take position charges inabsolute alcohol, a homogeneous EPD be carried out on the cathode titanium alloy slice, but taking negative charge in absolute alcohol the BG granules not be deposited on the cathode. A guided HA crystallizing, 100～300nm, on surface of the BG granules be realized by metathetical reaction, which cover BG granules with HA microcrystals and make the covered BG granules taking position charges in absolute alcohol, sequentially realize the EPCD of the BG and HA granules on the cathode, so it is feasible to make a titanium alloy/BG/HA bioactive graded coating by making use of EPCD technology. The corrosion experiment of rich boron bioglass coating and plasma spray coating showed that split phase, rich boron and rich silicon phase, occurred during its preparation. In basic medium the corrosion behavior of 〓 BG coating showed uniformity corrosion, the corrosion mostly occurred at rich boron phase area, therefore batch formula design of BGshould avoid the occurring of split phase. The corrosion appearance of plasma spray coatingappeared a non-uniform corrosion, mostly occurred at the edge of the laminated HA moltendrops, and emerged an accelerated corrosion tendency, which will easyly lead to corrosioncrackles extending to the interface and the happening of osmotic interfacial corrosion, thatmay be one of the major reasons leading to the coating cracking-off in the later period. Thetesting results of thermal expansion coefficient of 〓 and 〓BG showed the thermalexpansion coefficient of 〓 BG matched with that of titanium alloy better, and 〓 BG couldsinter with titanium alloy into densification enamel layer at low temperature (720℃).

将Ti6Al4V合金在1000℃下进行真空热处理会降低其力学性能，且合金内的V元素会向表面富集，因此，钛合金真空热处理和表面涂层的烧结温度不能过高，即应低于其相转变点；通过对生物活性梯度涂层的组成和结构的设计，分析和计算了梯度涂层内的应力大小和分布，结果表明：对于本研究，当成分分布系数n=1.5时，可以获得较合理的涂层力学性能，即在沉积开始时，采用富含BG颗粒的悬浮液，以便在钛合金侧获得同底层BG有良好过渡的富BG涂层；梯度涂层界面和表面的应力大小、性质由材料组成本身的性质决定，改变成分分布系数，只能改变涂层内应力变化的趋势；涂层的厚薄不影响涂层内的应力分布规律，但涂层越薄，涂层内的应力变化越快，但这并不意味着涂层越厚越好，因为涂层越厚，涂层允许的变形越小，对于应用于弯曲受力部位的涂层而言，涂层应薄一点为好(50μm)；而对于仅纯受剪切应力的部位，如牙根种植体，涂层可适当加厚(80～100μm)；通过对HA和BG颗粒在水溶液体系和非水溶液体系中的带电特性和电泳沉积的研究发现，它们在水溶液体系中很难发生电沉积；在无水乙醇溶液中，HA颗粒带正电，可在阴极钛合金片上发生均匀的电泳沉积，而BG颗粒则带负电荷；利用复分解反应法，可以制得100～300nm的HA，通过诱导HA在BG颗粒表面结晶，可对BG颗粒进行表面包覆，获得了被HA包覆的BG颗粒，改变了BG颗粒表面的带电特性，使BG和HA颗粒在无水乙醇中均带上正电荷，从而实现了HA和BG颗粒在阴极上的共沉积。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。