向性的

During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

The thinkers of the Lunyu School fully expressed their persistence of individualism and their reconsideration in literary modernity Yet the persistence and escape existed side by side, this mode of behavior and thinking indicated that the self-subject of the modern scholars was illusive and was hard to carry on when the modern scholars were covered by the powerful tradition and deeply controlled by modernity's consciousness of time Chapter Two Reconsidering on the character of modernity with leisure ampleness, resisting the human alienation caused by modern materialism and mechanism with humor, reaffirming the space of self-expression, which formed the humor, the leisure, the modern, and the aesthetic spirit implication of Lunyu School But the modern scholar's powerful inclining to the tradition made Lunyu School's aestheticism draw close to live in seclusion And its aesthetic modernity is also discounted for that reason Chapter Three It is the emotion and the leisure manner owning by the middle aged people that help to bring about Lunyu School's essay's adjusting in main key and moving massively in theme Lunyu School changed the way for "gaining the experience of life"in the twenties'prose It went from highly enthusiastic writings to reserved life-concerning and recite with appreciation in everyday life

第一章 三十年代左翼文学以其"新"、"进步"和"时代性"确立了自己的合理性地位，而时代思潮的转换、文艺与政治的日益密切使五四自由知识分子所坚持的个人主义成了"落伍""颓废"的表征。论语派自由思想者充分表达了对个人主义的执着、对文学现代性的反思，但坚持与逃逸并存的行为与思维模式表明现代士子在忧生伤世的强大传统笼罩下和一往无前的现代性时间意识的深刻控制下，个人主体的难以为继和虚幻性。第二章以闲适的余裕对奔竞躁进、汲汲功利、一往无前的现代性特征进行反思，以幽默对抗现代物质主义机械主义对人灵智的异化，重申自我表现的空间，构成论语派幽默闲适的现代性审美精神内涵。但现代文人对于传统的强大趋同力，则使论语派审美主义向隐逸文化靠拢，其审美现代性由此大打折扣。第三章中年情感与闲适气度直接促成论语派散文基调上的调整及主题的大幅横移，在趣味、游戏、幽默、闲适中改变了二十年代散文"问世"的径路，从意兴湍飞的激扬文字走向了沉潜适世的生命关怀与日常人生的吟味与咀嚼。

Except the foreword, this paper is divided into four chpaters:Chapter One: the common vivid featrues of dramatic personae in the phyletic biography of people in Shiji. The charater accords with the described methods, it has the obvious feature of kindred, It leans to the type of the figural creation in our country's later gerneration novels.Chapter Tw phyletic biography of people not extrudes the common featrue of drmatic personae but also emphersizes the personality description. The figural creation turns personal description from typical description gradually in the later generation novels, although the same typical charaters have the differnt lookings.Chapter Three: phyletic biography of people stands out the charaters with the typical events, the same charater can appears the differnt phyletic biography of people, it shows the differnt features (This is the commuteritive incarnate in Shiji). The later generation novels figure the charaters with their action, the same character lean to the differnt points, they show their differnt characteristics.Chapter Four: phyletic biography of people has the multiform modality, it includes paratactic description, coherend interclude, cascade rising and so on. The later generation novels use for reference the paratactic in the arrange of polt structure.

除引言外，全文分为四部分：第一章：《史记》各&类传&中&传主&的共同特征鲜明，人物选择符合以类相从、连类相及的方法，&类&的特色极为明显；我国后世小说中人物形象塑造呈现出类型化的倾向；第二章：&类传&在突出传主共同特征的基础上也注重人物的个性描写，传中人物在符合&类属&的前提下自身的特色同时显现出来：后世小说中人物形象塑造逐步由类型化向个性化发展，即便是同一群体的人物也具有各自不同的面目；第三章：&类传&选取传中人物的典型事件来突出人物形象；同一人物可以进入不同的类传中，表现出不同的特性(这是《史记》全书人物塑造上的&互现法&的典型体现)；后世小说中注重选择具有行动性特征的细节来塑造人物形象；同一人物在不同作品中有不同的侧重，呈现出不同的面目；第四章：&类传&结构安排的多样形式，主要有并列分叙、联贯穿插、层叠上升等几种形式；后世小说在情节结构安排上对&类传&的借鉴。

The sketch and specific design approaches of mid-block street crossing are generalized and three management and control modes are discussed. Based on extensive investigation and survey, the paper analysis the arriving laws in different land-use condition and the traffic characteristics of different crossing entities under different control modes. The initial characteristic, the speed and dispersion of the mobile flow are also intensive studied, as well as the effect of mid-block street crossing. Establish the linear planning models on the coordination between the signals of mid-block crossing and intersection. Finally the evaluation of the model output is carried out from time saving results, safety, economic results and social results. Set the example of Taiping north road in Nanjing, surveying the traffic situation, applying the method of signal coordination between the mid-block crossings and intersection to realize the south-to-north signal coordination design. The evaluation results show the coordination plan are more superior to the current signal plan.

本文首先阐述了行人过街物理设施的概略设计和详细设计方法，讨论了路段人行横道的三种交通管制方式的设计方法和实用条件；其次，在充分的实际调查基础上，详细分析了不同用地性质条件下的过街需求的到达特性和不同交通管制下不同过街实体的交通特性，分析了进入路段的机动车初始流特性，并对机动车在路段中的车速特征、离散性以及路段信号控制人行横道对机动车流的影响进行了研究；然后，根据以上分析的过街交通和机动车交通的交通特性，建立了路段行人过街信号与交叉口信号协调控制的线性规划模型；最后，对模型输出的协调控制方案进行了效益评价分析，从时间效益、安全性、经济效益和社会效益四个方面，定量和定性相结合地对其实施效果予以评价；以南京市太平北路路段为例，根据现状交通状况，应用行人过街信号与交叉口信号协调控制的方法，对该路段由南向北方向进行单向协调控制设计，并进行方案效益分析评价，提出了优于现状控制方案的人行过街信号与交叉口信号协调控制方案。

Comparative study on two levels of population and modules of mutualspecies in the two stations demonstrates that feature index tend to diminish suchas height,tussock amplitude,size,number,density and dry weight;and thegrowth analysis index incline to increase such as RGR、ULA、chlorophyllcontent and effectiveness of plant multi-leaves of the populations and DULA、DUMR、DAGA and DRGRa of the modules;and the dynamic curves of thepopulations and the modules also tend to steadily increase along with thetemperature ascending,heat accumulation and combination between water andheat in moderate-temperature steppe from fierce fluctuation alongside naturalprecipitation in warm-temperature steppe,illustrating that the transformabletendency from increasing the numbers of tussocks and tillers in order to expandthe resource range to seize in warm-temperature steppe to steadily improve drymatter production function of the populations and the modules in moderate-temperature steppe.

两个不同热量型研究站点共有种种群与构件两个水平的比较研究表明：随纬度增加和气温降低，种群与构件高度、丛幅、大小、数量、密度和干重等特征指标趋于降低和减少，而种群RGR、ULA、叶绿素含量和植物多叶性与构件DULA、DUMR、DRGR和DRGRa等生长指标则趋于增加，种群与构件的生长动态曲线也从随天然降水而剧烈波动趋向于随气温升高、热量积累和水热配置状况而稳定增长，说明各共有种从暖温型草原区增加植物种群与构件的大小和数量以扩充资源利用范围向中温型草原稳定地提高种群与构件的干物质生产性能的方面转变的趋势；同时，物质与能量的分配也从较多地投资于繁殖器官产生大量后代以适应未来降水的不可预期变化趋向于同化系统的构建和干物质生产效能的提高以抵御低温和干旱对物种生存的威胁，充分显示出不同温度条件及其水热组合对植物种群形态结构和生长繁育模式的显著影响及其响应特征。

On the opening ceremony, yang Yan of assistant dean of Shanghai music college enlighten the professor delivers open address, the arrival that reachs each expert learned man is held to express enthusiastic congratulation in Shanghai music institute to this congress, introduced the general situation of Shanghai music institute briefly to each expert that attends plenary meeting, introduced configuration of music of Shanghai music institute to develop theory and history to study this studies the history that way develops and current situation, emphasize pointing out, shanghai music institute serves as one all long history and the musical college of tradition learning arteries and veins, study in musical configuration direction is having very good inheritance sex, the get onning that is the same as stylish times sound the research system with the more complete construction that also is in hard.

在开幕式上，上海音乐学院副院长杨燕迪教授致开幕词，对此次大会在上海音乐学院举行及各位专家学者的到来表示热烈祝贺，并向出席大会的各位专家简要的介绍了上海音乐学院的概况，介绍了上海音乐学院音乐形态发展理论和历史探究这一探究方向发展的历史和目前状况，强调指出，上海音乐学院作为一所有着悠久历史和学脉传统的音乐高校，在音乐形态探究方向有着很好的传承性，同时新时代的上音也在努力的建设更加完备的探究体系。

At the same time to meet changes in planning, land use did not change; by the planning department's approval of the construction area of change is better than the original planning area of less than 20%; transferee a fresh increase in sexual intercourse to price and other conditions, the City Center land use can be directly collection of new construction area and price, fill out the "transfer contract changes that table", the directly to the relevant departments issued new land price to pay to prove the case.

与此同时，以满足变化的规划，土地利用没有改变；由规划部门批准的建筑面积的变化是优于原来的规划面积不少于20 ％；受让人新增加性交价格和其他条件，城市中心土地利用可直接收集新的建筑面积和价格，填写&转让合同变更表&的项目，直接向有关部门发布了新的土地的代价来证明的情况。

Inwheat intercropped with soybean not only N situation could be improved butalso P situation could be.2In intercropping,the pH of soybean rhizospherewas decreased by increasing the R-Apase activity,which could decelerate thetransforming and fixing P fertilizer.3In both monoculture and intercroppingsystem,the soil pH of rhizosphere was affected by cropping system at two Plevel which only 0.1-4mm distance from the root surface,but the effect of S-Apase activity in the rhizospher soil by cropping system was less than3mm.In effect,the rhizosphere P was really available nutrient,and applyingP to rhizosphere was effective ways to reduce the P nutrient competition.4Inwheat/soybean intercropping,the peak stage of reduction ability of roots wasthe same as that of the root growth,so that the time compensation appearedin intensity of nutrient absorption.

间套作大豆、小麦、玉米根系Apase的差异又反映出大豆利用土壤磷的潜在能力最大，而玉米最小，可见禾谷类的小麦与大豆间套后不但能改善小麦的氮素营养状况还使磷素营养也得以好转。2）间套大豆根际pH值的下降，导致磷肥施入土壤后形成〓-P的比例显著提高，转化成〓-P等难溶性磷减少，说明间套的大豆能减缓肥料磷在土壤中的转化和固定，减少磷素向无效化方向转化。3）复合群体根际土壤pH值的影响一般只发生在0.1-4mm的根际微区，而土壤磷酸酶的影响供磷与否在距根表3mm以外都无多大差异，说明根际磷才是真正有效磷，根际施磷是解决磷素竞争的有效途径。4）。

Firstly, we investigate the influence of the hole injection layer on the performance of the OLED. Evidence shows that m-MTDATA exhibits a dense film structure and fine surface morphology, leading to easy hole migration. Furthermore, a low-voltage driving of OLEDs has been achieved by doping 4F-TCNQ into m-MTDATA layer. Secondly, we obtain a highly efficient OLED by using a new oxidiazoles, an efficient electron-transporting molecular materials. Finally, we have realized the efficient electron injection and transport in organic light-emitting diodes using an electron-transport layer composed of BPhen with Liq co-deposited layer. With this cohost strategy, we improve the power efficiency by～21 % while reduce the driving voltage by～13%.

首先研究了不同空穴传输层对有机电致发光器件的影响，结果表明，由于m-MTDATA具有良好的成膜性，以及空穴注入能力，可以改善空穴向发光层的注入，提高了器件的效率，进一步在m-MTDATA中掺入4F-TCNQ可以显著降低器件的驱动电压；其次，利用一种新型含氟噁二唑类衍生物做电子注入层获得了高效有机薄膜电致发光器件；最后，研究了Bphen：Liq混合层的电子传输特性，表明混合层的电子传输能力显著提高，基于共基质电子传输层的器件的电压比传统器件降低了13％而效率却提高了21％。

The animal model of this method system have, the characteristics of the high fat, high leptin, high Ins, and match with the characteristic of clinical and the pathologic of simple obesity. This studies showed: The acupuncture can obviously reduce the vaule of intaking food and water of the fat rats, and lower the body weight and fat; The acupuncture can urge the diameter, area, physical volume of white fat cell contract, Brown fat tissue of fat rat group surroundings vascular containing large quantity of white fat cell, the acupuncture group was less. this showed: The acupuncture enhanced the white fat cell metabolism, and promotesed the white fat cell to convert to brown fat cell; The frequency of spontaneous electric of nerve cell of pvn of the fat rat is high, the acupuncture counld depress the spontaneous electric of nerve cell of pvn, This showed: the acupuncture can depress the appetite passing to adjust function of pvn nerve; The monoaminergic neurotransmitter of inside of the fat rat brain is disfunction, the acupuncture can rectify this disfunction, and adjust level of 5-HT, and affect appetite, and improve metabolism; The level of leptin and Ins of fat rat increased high, The level of it of acupuncture group decreased, compared with the fat group p.001, This showed: the fat rats have the defeat of leptin and Ins in the body, The acupuncture can lowering this defeat, The level of leptin and Ins of the fat rat in the brain is less than the normal group, The level of leptin of the acupuncture group is high than the fat group, This showed: the acupuncture can increase the transportation of leptin from blood to brain.

本方法所制肥胖大鼠模型具有高体重、高脂、高leptin和高Ins血症的特点，符合人类单纯性肥胖病的临床和病理特征；实验研究显示：针灸能明显减少肥胖大鼠的摄水、摄食量及降低其体重、体脂；针灸能促使白色脂肪细胞直径、面积、体积缩小，减少肥胖大鼠棕色脂肪组织血管周围白色脂肪细胞数量，显示：针灸增强了白色脂肪细胞的代谢，促进了白色脂肪细胞向棕色脂肪细胞的转化：肥胖大鼠PVN神经细胞自发放电频率增加，脑内单胺递质紊乱，针灸通过抑制PVN亢奋的自发放电，调整5-HT水平，达到影响食欲，改善代谢的作用；肥胖大鼠血中leptin及Ins水平增高，与正常组大鼠比有明显差异，提示大鼠体内存在leptin及Ins抵抗，针灸后肥胖大鼠随着体重体脂的下降，血中leptin、Ins水平降低，与肥胖组比均有显著性差异，而针灸后大鼠脑内leptin增加，与肥胖组比P.05，提示：针灸具有改善leptin、Ins抵抗及增加leptin脑内转运的作用。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。