向性

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

By analyzing the principle and structure of the object, this paper introduce the whole process of developing the measuring device of bi- directional polarization reflection value with C language.

通过对地物偏振二向性反射比测量装置原理和结构的分析，阐述了用C语言开发的地物偏振二向性反射性测量装置的工作过程。

Chapter 7 discusses a orientational classification principle of curve and surface. With this principle, we have accomplished the frame automate generation and a boolean operation between surfaces.

第七章描述了一个曲线、曲面的有向性分类原则，在ZD_ADM曲面造型系统中，运用此有向性分类原则，实现了二维轮廓线的自动生成和曲面间的布尔运算。

Hydrotropism A tropism in which the stimulus is water. It is a special kind of chemotropism.

向水性：是由于水分刺激而产生的向性运动，属于向化性的一种特殊类型。

The interaction between Antarctic Circumpolar Current and Antarctic coastal current in the Indian section of the Southern Ocean is investigated in this paper by using numerical and theoretical methods. Especially, The non-zonation of ACC in the region of Kerguelen Plateau and its annual variation are analyzed.

本文利用数值方法对南大洋印度洋扇形区南极绕极流和南极沿岸流的相互作用进行了研究，重点研究了凯尔盖朗海台区ACC的非纬向性特征及其季节变化，对其非纬向性的形成机制进行了理论探讨。

Epinasty A nastic movement that involves the curving of a plant organ away from the axis (i.e. downward) as a result of greater growth on the upper surface, as in the opening of flowers.

偏上性生长：植物开花时由于上表面生长较快而引起植物器官弯曲并偏离轴向的向性运动。

The magnetic easy axis changes from in-plane to out-of-plane direction as Mn thickness is up to 3 ML at 220 K.

而铁的磁异轴约在3个原子层厚的锰的情况下发生磁异轴翻转的情形，在3层锰以下为平行膜面异向性，3层锰以上则为垂直膜面异向性。

"Isotropic",In an isotropic material, material properties such as the modulus of elasticity.

"，"等向性的材料特性例如弹性的模式"，，"isotropic的中文意思为均质六面体方格等向性

the 160 women judoists are tested for mental fatigue and personality tests, and the paper tries to reveal their situation of mental fatigue, personality characteristics, and the relationship between them.it is analyzed that chinese elite judoists have no severe mental fatigue; judoists' negative evaluation on emotional/physical exhaustion and sport increase significantly one week before competition than two months; among personality factors, excitability predicts the decrease of achievement and emotional/physical exhaustion reliably on negative; the stability predicts sport on negative; tension predicts emotional/physical exhaustion on positive; adaption and anxiety in dimension personality predicts in positive both in the decrease of achievement and emotional/physical exhaustion and internal extraversion does them in negative; health personality in applied dimension personality predicts in negative in the decrease of achievement, emotional/physical exhaustion and negative evaluation of sport when mental fatigue, stability and sensitivity predicts the decrease of achievement in negative; only internal extraversion in dimension personality predicts the decrease of achievement and emotional/physical exhaustion in positive.

摘 要：以160名女子柔道运动员为被试，进行运动员心理疲劳以及人格测试，并尝试揭示女子柔道运动员的心理疲劳状况、人格特征以及二者之间的关系。分析得出：我国优秀柔道运动员心理疲劳程度并不严重；运动员在临赛前一个星期较赛前二个月情绪/体力耗竭以及运动的负评价显著提高；人格因素中的兴奋性对成就感的降低以及情绪/体力耗竭两维度均有可靠的负向预测作用；稳定性对运动的负评价维度具有可靠的负向预测作用；紧张性对情绪/体力耗竭有可靠正向预测作用；次元人格中适应与焦虑对成就感的降低以及情绪/体力耗竭均有可靠正向预测作用，内外向性对成就感的降低、情绪/体力耗竭以及运动负评价都有可靠负向预测作用。应用性次元人格中健康者的人格对运动员心理疲劳的对成就感的降低、情绪/体力耗竭以及运动负评价均有可靠的负向预测作用；稳定性、敏感性对临赛前成就感的降低维度的变化有可靠的负向预测作用；次元人格中只有内外向性对临赛前成就感的降低以及情绪/体力耗竭维度的变化有可靠的正向预测作用。

That is, the business card printing and membership card making thousands of pieces of paper, in particular domestic uncoated paper or book paper occurs paper wool, paper powder in the rubber roller, imprinted on the edge of the paper and paper Mao superdirective (direction to bite or to drag-and-shoot direction), the not equal to the linear speed of the roller, only in the cylinder lining after business card printing and membership card when, in the rubber roller paper coated maoba non-directional well, then this data is only lining is the best, that is, until you reach the drum running as business card printing and membership card making ink plates and blankets, as well as on the status of the delivery is the best.

即制卡和会员卡制作几千张纸(出格是舶来胶版纸或书刊纸)后不离会不入现纸毛、纸粉粘在橡皮滚筒上，若痕迹边际的纸粉、纸毛有不圆向性(向咬口不圆向或向拖梢不圆向)，则表明不有到达滚筒线速度不不等，只有在滚筒包衬后制卡和会员卡制作时，在橡皮滚筒上纸粉纸毛堆得不有有不圆向性，那么这栽包衬数据才是最恶的，亦即滚筒调动到了运转最恶环境，制卡和会员卡制作历程洋油不朱在印版、橡皮布以及纸张上的传达是最恶的环境。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。