向实体的

At the beginning, it was substantial money acting as the intermediary of transactions. Then it developed to be token money, In the 1970s, the Bretton Woods Regime collapsed. Us dolor wasn"t related to gold and gold didn"t serve as money. Money gradually changed its form from token money to credit money, totally abstract value symbol. At the end of the 20th century, the development of science and technology and the speed of economic integration have accelerated.

从最初充当交换媒介的实物货币，发展到了铸币和银行券——代用货币。20世纪70年代，随着布雷顿森林体系瓦解，美元脱离黄金、黄金非货币化，货币也逐渐从价值实体向完全抽象的价值符号——信用货币进行转变。20世纪末，随着科学技术的发展和经济一体化进程的加快，货币形态演变的速度也在加快，人类社会正经历着从纸币向电子货币过渡的重要时期。

The Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000, which was signed into law on December 21, 2000, amended the Commodity Exchange Act to provide that only certain regulated entities may offer off-exchange foreign currency futures and options contracts to retail customers.1 Under the CFMA, registered futures commission merchants and their affiliates are among the entities that may offer forex contracts to retail customers.2 As described below, NFA Bylaw 306 creates a Forex Dealer Member category for certain NFA Members who act as counterparties to forex transactions with retail customers.3 This category allows NFA to exercise appropriate regulatory jurisdiction over the retail forex activities of these Members without imposing unnecessary, and potentially duplicative, regulatory burdens on Members that are otherwise subject to regulatory oversight for their activities.

于2000年12月21被写进了法律的2000版期货现代化法案，修正了CEA并规定：只有某些确定的受监管的实体能够向零售客户提供场外外汇期货和期权和约的交易。1、在CFMA下，注册期货代理商和他们的支部在这些实体之内；2、如下所述，NFA第306条规则列出了外汇交易商的类别；3、这个类别允许NFA对其行使适当的监管权限。

But the parts of the financial system critical to the real economy those, for example, that lend to businesses are not so footloose.

但金融体系中对实体经济至关重要的那些业务--例如向企业放贷--并非完全不受地域限制。

The intentionality of perception makes the monad to connect with theworld closely,and to be the living mirror of university,just like Heidegger says,themonad is"being in the world".

而单子的欲求以作为完满存在的上帝为其终极意向对象，这使得单子成为永不停歇的向善的冲动，是生生不息的生命之流，近代哲学中的僵死的实体因之复苏过来，获得了蓬勃的生机。

Chapter 4 is a design regarding the Anti-circumvention legislation of China, including the analysis of the necessity and urgency of perfection of our legislation, introduction of the current legislation and practice situation in China, detailed system design respecting our Anti-circumvention legislation in principle, substantive provision and procedure provision on the basis of the specific situation in China as well as the proposals to handle the potential circumvention in the reexport trade from the Separate Customs Territory especially Hongkong to mainland.

第四章主要对我国反规避立法的构建进行了制度设计。分析了完善我国反规避立法的必要性和紧迫性，介绍了当前我国反规避立法及实践的现状；结合我国具体国情就我国反规避立法的原则、实体规定及程序规定各方面对我国的反规避立法进行了具体的制度设计；对通过我国单独关税区主要是香港向内地的转口贸易中可能存在的规避行为的应对提出了建议。

To enhance security in Ad-Hoc networks,it is important to evaluate the trustworthiness of other nodes without centralized authorities.In this work,authors focus on the evaluation of trust evidence in Ad Hoc networks.First,the authors introduce the metrics of the trust,the evaluation process is modeled as a path problem on a directed graph,where nodes represent entities,and edges represent trust relations.Using the theory of semirings,a trust evaluation model based on semiring（TD-SEMIRING） is developed,then two nodes can establish an indirect trust relation without previous direct interaction and introduce the application of this model in route election.At last,the feasibility of this model is analyzed.

讨论了对可信事件的评估：首先介绍了可信的相关概念和相关的特性；接着评估过程被建模成一个在有向图寻找最短路径的问题，在该有向图中结点表示实体或者用户，边表示可信关系，通过使用半环理论，建立了一个基于半环的可信性评估模型TD-SEMIRING，在两个以前没有进行相互操作的实体之间建立间接的可信关系，介绍了这个模型在路由选择当中的应用；最后，通过仿真实验，验证、分析了该模型的有效性。

The sketch and specific design approaches of mid-block street crossing are generalized and three management and control modes are discussed. Based on extensive investigation and survey, the paper analysis the arriving laws in different land-use condition and the traffic characteristics of different crossing entities under different control modes. The initial characteristic, the speed and dispersion of the mobile flow are also intensive studied, as well as the effect of mid-block street crossing. Establish the linear planning models on the coordination between the signals of mid-block crossing and intersection. Finally the evaluation of the model output is carried out from time saving results, safety, economic results and social results. Set the example of Taiping north road in Nanjing, surveying the traffic situation, applying the method of signal coordination between the mid-block crossings and intersection to realize the south-to-north signal coordination design. The evaluation results show the coordination plan are more superior to the current signal plan.

本文首先阐述了行人过街物理设施的概略设计和详细设计方法，讨论了路段人行横道的三种交通管制方式的设计方法和实用条件；其次，在充分的实际调查基础上，详细分析了不同用地性质条件下的过街需求的到达特性和不同交通管制下不同过街实体的交通特性，分析了进入路段的机动车初始流特性，并对机动车在路段中的车速特征、离散性以及路段信号控制人行横道对机动车流的影响进行了研究；然后，根据以上分析的过街交通和机动车交通的交通特性，建立了路段行人过街信号与交叉口信号协调控制的线性规划模型；最后，对模型输出的协调控制方案进行了效益评价分析，从时间效益、安全性、经济效益和社会效益四个方面，定量和定性相结合地对其实施效果予以评价；以南京市太平北路路段为例，根据现状交通状况，应用行人过街信号与交叉口信号协调控制的方法，对该路段由南向北方向进行单向协调控制设计，并进行方案效益分析评价，提出了优于现状控制方案的人行过街信号与交叉口信号协调控制方案。

Based on analysis of the theory and experiment, optimal design ways are suggested. Then the scale-up of pin mill is studied by means of similar theory, which will povide theorecal basis for scale-up of mill from optimal experiment model mill to practice mill.

在理论及实验分析的基础上，提出了销棒粉碎机的设计思路，并采用相似理论对粉碎机的模型放大进行了分析，研究了由优化的实验模型向实体模型放大的方法，为销棒粉碎机的设计提供了理论基础。

In studies of interaction among pile, platform that above it and surrounding soil, this paper employ the concept of plate element to simulate the loading character of platform, and employ the concept of solid element to simulate the character of pile and soil, using the finite element method after understanding the geometry properties of pile, soil and the platform. Analyzing the loading properties of the three entities above and their deformation, this paper also employ a special element, Penalty Element. The introduction of penalty element of this kind has served to guarantee the join harmony of displacement between solid element and plate element, thereby effectively resolving the join problem between platforms, pile that support it and surrounding soil.Considering significant property difference between pile material and its surrounding soil, there may be much shear stress on their contact interface produced under vertical load, thus causing displacement or fission. Therefore it is necessary to adopt one special constitutive law of this kind of contact interface, which can reflect its feature of loading and deformation thoroughly. On the basis of the deformation feature and constitutive laws of some contact interface obtained by Zhang Dongji and people concerned through some single-shear experiments on contact interface between structure and soil, this paper employ one pile-soil three-dimensional constant thickness contact interface model to simulate the " slide" taken place on the interface between pile and its surrounding soil. With this kind model, this paper has also created one finite element model, which can be applied to perform finite element calculation and analyze the pile-loading feature, and deduced its element stiffness matrix.

在承台-桩-土共同作用中，考虑桩与承台的几何特性，采用有限元方法，用实体单元模拟桩土，用板单元模拟承台，更具体地分析桩和承台的受力特性和变形，而且还采用罚单元—既实体单元与板单元之间连接必须满足变形协调条件，来有效地解决了承台与桩土的连接问题，且在桩土共同作用中，由于桩体结构的材料性能与周围土层性质相差较大，在竖向荷载下有可能在其接触面上产生较大的剪应力从而导致错动或开裂，因此，为了充分反映桩土接触面上的受力及变形特征，应采用一种桩土接触面特有的本构关系，即利用张冬霁等人关于结构与土体接触面单剪试验所得到的接触面变形特征及其本构关系，引入桩-土三维等厚度接触单元来模拟桩与桩侧土之间的&滑移&，在此基础上建立可用于桩基承载性状分析的有限元计算单元模型，并推导出了各单元的刚度矩阵。

Historically speaking, modern philosophy is coming from ancient Greek culture; European revival of learning accelerates its development and produces some philosophical opinions with deep influence, especially when dialectic is presented out by Mr. Hegel, a new era that developing towards real entity Begins;every School pushes philosophy developing with the position of selfhood and nonscientific one.

从历史上看，现代哲学主要是从古代希腊文明发展而来的；欧洲的文艺复兴加速了它的发展，产生了一些具有深远影响的哲学观点，特别是当辩证法被黑格尔先生提示以来，一个哲学向实体化发展的新时代开始了；各个学派都以自我的立场，而非科学的立场，来推动哲学的发展。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。