向地的

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

Like a wild beast mortally wounded, bleeding and licking its wounds, for five weeks the French remain in Moscow, attempting nothing; and all at once, with nothing new to account for it, they flee back; they make a dash for the Kaluga road (after a victory, too, for they remained in possession of the field of battle at Maley Yaroslavets); and then, without a single serious engagement, fly more and more rapidly back to Smolensk, to Vilna, to the Berezina, and beyond it.

他们犹如受了致命伤的野兽，流着血，舔舐着伤口，五个星期呆在莫斯科毫无动静，突然，毫无缘由地向后逃跑；窜向卡卢日斯卡雅公路，同时，（在打了胜仗之后，因为小雅罗斯拉维茨城附近的战场对他们有利），一仗也不打地退得更快，退向斯摩棱斯克，退离斯摩棱斯克，逃至维尔纳，逃至别列济纳河，向更远的地方逃跑。

Five main phenomena were found, firstly, the high plasticity clay could well suitable to large deformation, and had strain-hardening behavior obviously, as well as, the little dilatancy; secondly, there was no correlation between stress paths and shear strength but the stress-strain relations were influenced by stress paths; thirdly, the little stress increment ratio, the higher increase speeding of shear stress and breaking strength under the condition of same initial normal stress; the fourth, the relations between normal strain and normal stress in simple shear test was consistent with which in the single-direction compression test, if there was no dilatancy; the last, the curve of relation between stress ratio and shear strain could be well simulated by hyperbola.

试验结果表明，高塑性粘土能够较好地适应大变形，接触面剪应力与切向应变关系呈剪切硬化型曲线，法向剪胀不明显；接触面剪切强度与应力路径无关，应力应变关系与应力路径密切相关；初始法向应力一定，应力增量比越小，剪应力增长越快，对应的破坏剪应力也越高；无剪胀发生情况下，法向应变与法向应力关系曲线与单向压缩试验具有一致性；应力比与切向应变呈良好的双曲线关系。

The invention relates to a nut (10) comprising an outer body (16) with an axial passage (22), an inner body which can be movably placed in the passage along an axial direction and which is divided along said axial direction into at least two jaws (18, 20), each jaw bearing an inner thread segment (24) on its radial inner surface, first guiding means (26) located on the outer body, as well as second guiding means (30) located on the jaws and co-operating with the first guiding means so that the jaws are radially displaced towards the exterior when the outer body is displaced in the unscrewing direction relatively to the inner body et radially displaced towards the inside when the outer body is displaced in the screwing direction relatively to the inner body.

本发明涉及一种螺母(10)，它包括：一个带轴向通孔(22)的外体(16)；一个内体，位于通孔(22)中，可沿轴向移动，并且沿所述的轴向方向至少分成两个滑块(18、20)，它们各自在其径向的内表面上具有内螺纹部分(24)。在外体上有第一导向装置(26)，同样滑块上有第二导向装置(30)，第二导向装置与第一导向装置共同起作用，所以，当外体相对于内体沿旋松方向作相对滑移时，滑块径向地向外滑移，并且，如果外体相对于内体沿拧紧的方向滑移，则滑块径向地向内滑移。

One would approach at first warily through the shrub oaks, running over the snow-crust by fits and starts like a leaf blown by the wind, now a few paces this way, with wonderful speed and waste of energy, making inconceivable haste with his "trotters," as if it were for a wager,and now as many paces that way, but never getting on more than half a rod at a time; and then suddenly pausing with a ludicrous expression and a gratuitous somerset, as if all the eyes in the universe were eyed on him —— for all the motions of a squirrel, even in the most solitary recesses of the forest, imply spectators as much as those of a dancing girl —— wasting more time in delay and circumspection than would have sufficed to walk the whole distance—— I never saw one walk —— and then suddenly, before you could say Jack Robinson, he would be in the top of a young pitch pine, winding up his clock and chiding all imaginary spectators, soliloquizing and talking to all the universe at the same time —— for no reason that I could ever detect, or he himself was aware of, I suspect.

有一只赤松鼠开始谨慎地穿过矮橡树丛，跑跑停停地在雪地奔驰，像一张叶子给风的溜溜地吹了过来；一忽儿它向这个方向跑了几步，速度惊人，精力也消耗得过了份，它用"跑步"的姿态急跑，快得不可想象，似乎它是来作孤注一掷的，一忽儿它向那个方向也跑那么几步，但每一次总不超出半杆之遥；于是突然间做了一个滑稽的表情停了步，无缘无故地翻一个觔斗，仿佛全宇宙的眼睛都在看着它，——因为一只松鼠的行动，即使在森林最深最寂寞的地方，也好像舞女一样，似乎总是有观众在场的，——它在拖宕，兜圈子中，浪费了更多的时间，如果直线进行，早毕全程，——我却从没有看见过一只松鼠能泰然步行过，——然后，突然，刹那之间，它已经在一个小苍松的顶上，开足了它的发条，责骂一切假想中的观众，又像是在独白，同时又像是在向全宇宙说话，一我丝毫猜不出这是什么理由，我想，它自己也未必说得出理由来。

Every year, she solemnly renewed her vows, and at the moment of taking the oath, she said to the priest,"Monseigneur Saint-Francois gave it to Monseigneur Saint-Julien, Monseigneur Saint-Julien gave it to Monseigneur Saint-Eusebius, Monseigneur Saint-Eusebius gave it to Monseigneur Saint-Procopius, etc., etc.; and thus I give it to you, father."

她每年要隆重地发一次誓愿，在发愿时，她总向那神甫说："圣方济各大人向圣于连大人发过这个愿，圣于连大人向圣欧塞勃大人发过这个愿，圣欧塞勃大人向圣普罗柯帕大人发过这个愿，"等等，"因此我也向您，我的神父，发这个愿。"

The early stage of the Yanshan movement generated an Early Jurassic downfaulted basin and a Middle Jurassic compressional-downwarped coalaccumulating basin.In the middle stage,the Mid-Late Jurassic witnessed the formation of a volcanic downfaulted basin bounded by NW and NE deep faults,intermediate-basic and acid volcanic eruption and hypabyssal and near-sur...

燕山运动早期形成早侏罗世断陷盆地和中侏罗世挤压坳陷型聚煤构造盆地；中期中晚侏罗世形成被NW、NE向深大断裂围限的火山断陷盆地，中基性—酸性火山喷发和浅成、超浅成中酸性岩浆侵入，晚侏罗世末形成了一系列NNE向褶皱和逆冲推覆构造带；晚期早白垩世再次形成断陷盆地和开阔平缓褶皱，义县组不整合在火山岩之上，晚白垩世处于挤压造山后的山体隆升阶段，左云组不整合在义县组之上，伴随有壳源型花岗岩侵入，NW、NE向断裂复活，形成地堑、地垒式断裂组合，导致山体隆升。

One would approach at first warily through the shrub oaks, running over the snow-crust by fits and starts like a leaf blown by the wind, now a few paces this way, with wonderful speed and waste of energy, making inconceivable haste with his "trotters," as if it were for a wager,and now as many paces that way, but never getting on more than half a rod at a time; and then suddenly pausing with a ludicrous expression and a gratuitous somerset, as if all the eyes in the universe were eyed on him —— for all the motions of a squirrel, even in the most solitary recesses of the forest, imply spectators as much as those of a dancing girl —— wasting more time in delay and circumspection than would have sufficed to walk the whole distance—— I never saw one walk —— and then suddenly, before you could say Jack Robinson, he would be in the top of a young pitch pine, winding up his clock and chiding all imaginary spectators, soliloquizing and talking to all the universe at the same time —— for no reason that I could ever detect, or he himself was aware of, I suspect.

有一只赤松鼠开始谨慎地穿过矮橡树丛，跑跑停停地在雪地奔驰，像一张叶子给风的溜溜地吹了过来；一忽儿它向这个方向跑了几步，速度惊人，精力也消耗得过了份，它用&跑步&的姿态急跑，快得不可想象，似乎它是来作孤注一掷的，一忽儿它向那个方向也跑那么几步，但每一次总不超出半杆之遥；于是突然间做了一个滑稽的表情停了步，无缘无故地翻一个觔斗，仿佛全宇宙的眼睛都在看着它，——因为一只松鼠的行动，即使在森林最深最寂寞的地方，也好像舞女一样，似乎总是有观众在场的，——它在拖宕，兜圈子中，浪费了更多的时间，如果直线进行，早毕全程，——我却从没有看见过一只松鼠能泰然步行过，——然后，突然，刹那之间，它已经在一个小苍松的顶上，开足了它的发条，责骂一切假想中的观众，又像是在独白，同时又像是在向全宇宙说话，一我丝毫猜不出这是什么理由，我想，它自己也未必说得出理由来。

As the inner and outsider baskets rotate at the same speed, the inner one, pushed by the piston, reciprocates axially and repeatedly. As a result, pusher plate pushes the cake layer in the inner basket to move out of it and then into the outside basket for further separation , a ring layer of cake being formed,while the outside section of the inner basket pushes the cake layer in the outside basket to move continuously out of the outside basket and then discharge it through the slot for scraper.

内、外转鼓同速旋转的同时，在活塞推动下，内转鼓连续轴向往复运动，因而推料盘推动内转鼓滤饼层间歇不断地向外移动排出内转鼓，进入外转鼓进一步分离并形成环形滤饼层，内转鼓外端面则推动外转鼓滤饼层间歇不断地向外移动排出外转鼓，经刮料槽排出机外。

Every year, she solemnly renewed her vows, and at the moment of taking the oath, she said to the priest,"Monseigneur Saint-Francois gave it to Monseigneur Saint-Julien, Monseigneur Saint-Julien gave it to Monseigneur Saint-Eusebius, Monseigneur Saint-Eusebius gave it to Monseigneur Saint-Procopius, etc., etc.; and thus I give it to you, father."

她每年要隆重地发一次誓愿，在发愿时，她总向那神甫说：&圣方济各大人向圣于连大人发过这个愿，圣于连大人向圣欧塞勃大人发过这个愿，圣欧塞勃大人向圣普罗柯帕大人发过这个愿，&等等，&因此我也向您，我的神父，发这个愿。&

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。