向后

The initial population size is studied based on the defined partial function, favor and back difference equations, and the schema theorem.

该文研究二进制和自然数编码遗传算法的群体规模，结合偏好函数和模式定理，利用前向及后向差分方程，得到这2种编码的群体规模下限值，证明其存在性。

Moreover, the informations of forwad and backward SHG ratio provide information of the fibril diameter.

此外，前向对后向的二倍频比值更可以得到胶原蛋白纤维直径的资讯。

Hind feet : Slightly less arched than forefeet, turned neither in nor out.

后足 ：圆拱状，与前足相比，略平，既不向内翻也不向外翻

Three times, teams of soldiers from the main base ran a gantlet of hostile fire to resupply the observation post and carry back the dead and wounded. Within 30 minutes, American fighter-bombers were blasting the militant positions, followed by Apache helicopter gunships.

前后三次，主阵地中的美军士兵利用交叉火力向观察哨提供支援，并抢运死者的尸体和伤员。30分钟后，美军战斗机参战，他们向武装分子的阵地发动空袭，随后阿帕奇直升机也参与了进攻。

Against Denmark, Chirac sent out a rallying call to the team which could have doubled as a personal statement of Gaullist intentions to voters.

但是在丹麦队断送了法国队的世界杯之梦后，希拉克向全队发出了战斗口号，其实也可以看作是他向选民发出的戴高乐式的个人宣言。

Grace against Denmark, Chirac sent out a rallying call to the team which could have doubled as a personal statement of Gaullist intentions to voters.

但是在丹麦队断送了法国队的世界杯之梦后，希拉克向全队发出了战斗口号，其实也可以看作是他向选民发出的戴高乐式的个人宣言。

But following the coup de grace against Denmark, Chirac sent out a rallying call to the team which could have doubled as a personal statement of Gaullist intentions to voters.

但是在丹麦队断送了法国队的世界杯之梦后，希拉克向全队发出了战斗口号，其实也可以看作是他向选民发出的戴高乐式的个人宣言。

A new group key management scheme based on grouping and management layer by layer is proposed.

本论文基于这两个方面，主要研究成果如下：对目前存在的多播组密钥管理方案进行了详细的研究分析，尤其是逻辑密钥分层和单向函数树方案，并给出OFT方案不能前向保密和后向保密的依据。

To support secure group communications in resource constrained wireless sensor networks, We propose an efficient and scalable key management scheme which only uses symmetric cryptographic algorithms and hashing function. This scheme can achieve forward and backward security.

为了在有限资源的无线传感器网络能安全进行群组通讯，本文只使用对称加密算法和单向哈希函数提出了一种具有有效性和扩充性的组密钥管理方案，并可满足前向和后向安全性。

Two technology including nitrocarburizing process and salt nitrocarburzing process haver been adopted. Several conclusions were obtained: firstly, nitrided layers consist of two layers including the outer white layer, mainly ε and γ′ with favorite errosion resistance, the inner dark layer consist of α-Fe.

再往里为扩散层，扩散层与原始组织无明显区别，是过饱和含氮的α-Fe固溶体，比原始组织更易受腐蚀；(2)试样经长时间氮碳共渗后，渗层最表面会出现疏松，这是因为Fe原子向外扩散，在ε相内造成Fe原子空位，空位向内扩散，并可能在晶界上或某些晶体缺陷处堆积，以致造成空洞。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。