向后

And by applying the linear dispersion relation of wave, all the properties of wave refraction including wave rays, constant phase lines, phase function and crest lines etc., can be expressed in explicit functions. By introducing an orthogonal curvilinear coordinate along the wave ray and the constant phase line, and with an estimated scale factor, the refraction coefficients along any wave ray can then be determined. The present results are verified by ordinary wave ray theory and some previous numerical results.

就此特例情况在波浪的线性分散关係的应用下，前进波浪折射现象的整体特性，包括波向线、等位相线、位相函数与波峰线皆被导述出明確显然的函数表示；同时引入由沿著波向线与等位相线所构成的完全符合波浪折射几何通性的正交曲线座標，求出其尺度因子后，由能通量守衡原则定出沿著任一条波向线上的折射係数；並由之对往昔纯依两相邻的波向线间的几何类比所给定的折射係数给予导証之。

This showed that the electron density of a quinoid ring increased. The peaks of the quaternary carbon atoms of the benzene rings, which were adjacent to the quinoid ring, also shifted to higher field. But the peaks of other C atoms shifted to lower field.

NMR结果表明苯胺低聚体掺杂后主链上的电荷重新分布，环上的H原子上的电子被C原子吸引，电荷密度降低，在〓 NMR中谱峰向低场移动。C原子的谱峰也相应发生变化，醌环上电荷密度增加，全部C原子的峰向高场移动，与醌环相邻苯环受其影响季碳峰移向高场，非季碳峰移向低场。

In order to overcome this problem, in this paper, the surface electric current of the conducting sea surface and the first-order scattering from the conducting plate are obtained by employing Physic Optics method. The backscattering field of the time-dependant sea surface is calculated by using Kirchhoff Approximation. Meanwhile, taking the advantage of a newly developed technique that utilizes the reciprocity theorem, the difficulty in formulating the secondary scattered fields from the composite target is reduced. The dependences of the backscattered field on the parameters, such as the wind speed and the sizes of the plate are discussed.

为了克服这一问题，本文应用物理光学近似求解了导体海面表面电流及导体平板的一阶散射场，应用基尔霍夫近似给出了海面的后向散射场，同时借助互易性定理降低了求解平板和海面之间二次耦合散射场的难度，讨论了平板尺寸、风速等对后向复合散射场的影响。

Water is very humble, it is always down, down, may it flow into rivers and lakes; Hill is very humble, it is always silent, silent, be it in the stands as a silent picture; the spring is very humble, It is always fierce winter to hotels specifically catering, be it the warmth of life; autumn is very humble, it is always in the quiet after the noisy arrival of summer, it can be brought about gains and maintain a humble heart, Life there is a dignity and value can not be conveyed in words.

水很谦卑，它总是向下、向下，可它却流成了江河湖海；山很谦卑，它总是沉默、沉默，可它却在无言中耸立成一座风景；春很谦卑，它总是在凌厉的冬后悄然而至，可它却温暖了生命；秋很谦卑，它总是在喧闹的夏后静静到来，可它却带来了收获，保持一颗谦卑的心，生命就有了一种无法言传的尊严和价值。

To analyze the pseudo phenomena caused by migration velocity error, the paper firstly studied the depth error between post-stack migration and prestack migration caused by same velocity error, and found the depth error was only relative to velocity error and had no direct matter with methods of depth migration (post-stack migration or prestack migration). Then the paper did numerical simulation of a complex lenticular body model with wave-equation modeling and migration, and found that the velocity error could not only induce depth error, but also could change the modality of construction and the event of subjacent layers. Furthermore, it could change the frequency of reflective event. They are the pseudo phenomena caused by migration.

从分析偏移速度误差带来的各种假象出发，本文首先对比分析了速度误差对叠后深度偏移和叠前深度偏移的影响，发现偏移剖面的深度误差仅与速度模型的误差有关系，与具体的偏移方法没有直接的关系；然后对一个复杂的透镜体模型进行了波动方程叠后正演和偏移计算，详细地讨论了不同的速度误差带来的各种假象，发现速度误差不仅会带来深度误差，而且会造成构造体的形态变化，下覆地层同向轴的扭曲，还可能引起地层同向轴的频率发生变化，给资料解释带来一定的假象。

Backward single and double scattering arecompletely polarized but the decorrelation between their phases produces unpolarizedcomponent in total scattering light.Enhanced backscatterig is unpolarized.

后向的单次散射和二次散射光基本上是完全偏振的，它们的相同偏振分量之间由于缺乏固定的位相关联，而在总散射光中产生了明显的非偏振成分，增强后向散射是非偏振的。

After treated the spinal cord slice at E18 ~ P0 with ChABC at a final concentration of 0.1 U/ml, CGRP-LI fibers in the superficial layers of DH and their branches were seen to extend ventrally instead. When the concentration of ChABC increased to 0.5 U/ml, the above changes were more obvious.

2用0.1 U/ml终浓度的ChABC处理E18 ~ P0的小鼠脊髓片后，原本由DH浅层外侧部向腹内侧延伸的CGRP-LI轴突转为向腹外侧延伸，由DH浅层内侧部向腹外侧延伸的轴突同原本向背侧延伸的分支一起变为向腹侧生长。

The results showed that the TiN andN films are polycrystalline phase. The properties and structure of TiN films are mainly determined by the N2 mass flow rate, and as the N2 mass flow rate increases, the structure of the TiN films transforms to f.c.c. type leading to better the properties of films. The presence of negative bias voltage can optimize the grain of TiN films, lower the defect proportion and denser the films, which improves the hardness of films. The TiN films conform to the free carrier absorption mechanism and there are many of free electrons with lower N content in TiN films. With the increase of N content, the quantity of free electrons and reflectivity of films decrease, and the plasma frequence shifts to the lower energy, which leads to the regular change of colors of films from silver, yellowy, golden to yellow-red, meanwhile the lightness of films decreases. The goldenN film consists of TiN and ZrN phase, but belongs to a sigle f.c.c. structure with (111) preferred orientation. The Zr-doping dosen't change the position of the valance band, conduction band and forbidden band ofN film, but leads to the presence of new energy levels, which is the reason thatN film remains golden. The transparent hard films with good corrosion resistance and high hardness have been prepared and the further reseachs showed that the grain size of those films is by far smaller than the wave length and the width of forbidden band of those films is very broad, is the reasons that those films are transparent.

研究表明：氮化钛和N 薄膜为多晶态，氮流量决定了氮化钛薄膜的结构和性能，增加氮流量能使氮化钛薄膜的结构向面心立方结构转变，从而得到性能良好的氮化钛薄膜；施加负偏压能优化氮化钛晶粒和减少薄膜中的缺陷，使膜层变得更致密，从而提高薄膜硬度；氮化钛主要遵循自由载流子光吸收，氮含量较少时薄膜中的自由电子数目较多，随着氮含量的增加，薄膜中的自由电子数目不断减少，反射率逐渐降低，等离子体频率向低能端移动，从而使薄膜颜色出现规律变化，由金属色银白色到淡黄、金黄再到红黄，并且薄膜亮度呈下降趋势；金黄色的N 薄膜中存在TiN 和ZrN 的分离相，但其为单一的面心立方结构并具有(111)面择优取向；相对于TiN 薄膜，Zr 掺杂后，并没有使薄膜的导带、价带和禁带发生变化，只是在TiN 禁带内增加了新能级，这也正是掺杂Zr 后，薄膜仍

This algorithm replace the traditional forword, and backword_ character-to-character conditional probabilities with forword_ and backword. character-to-syllable conditional probabilities so that the space of data-base may be greatly reduced and the efficiency of searching the best solutions is also improved.

摘要］ 本文论述了一种新的汉语音字转换的概率后处理算法，该算法用字相对于前后向拼音的条件概率代替常见的字相对于前后向汉字的条件概率，极大地压缩了数据空间，提高了查找效率，使概率后处理的实时应用更趋于现实。

We have found that microfilament of cytoplasm was decreased or disappeared and rate of lateral diffusion of ConA r ceptor was increased (D = 1.05 ×10-10cm2/ sec)after the cells were treated with CB. The microfilaments and the rate of lateral diffusion of ConA receptor on cell membrane were recovered D = 0.81 ?

经CB处理细胞后，胞质微丝减少或消失，但是膜ConA受体复合物的侧向扩散运动增加〔D〕=1.05×10~(-1)cm~2/sec，当除去CB后，微丝重新出现，膜ConA受体复合物的侧向扩散运动又减慢〔D〕=0.81×10~(-1)cm~2/sec，与对照组相似。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。