向内弯曲的

An inside conical surface at the lower end of the joint is designed to ensure the shaft swing freely within an angle range of 10°, thereby the axial bending stress caused by the deflection of the borehole can be eliminated effectively.

这种装置采用类似球形关节的旋转机构，消除了抽油杆柱上下往复运动产生的倒扣扭矩；在短节下端设计有10°的内圆锥表面，使转轴能够在10°范围内自由转动，从而有效地消除了由于井身弯曲而产生的轴向弯曲应力。

With respect of slab lateral cambering of hot rolling sizing press,the analysis shows it is the temperature difference on both sides of the slab that causes different resistance in metal's plastic deformation,which makes metal deform at different speeds.

针对热轧SP定宽轧制的板形侧弯问题，经分析指出：板坯两侧温差造成金属塑性变形抗力大小不相等，从而使金属变形速度不同，变形速度快则相同时间内移动的金属量多，最终使变形快的一侧向变形慢的一侧弯曲是板形侧弯的形成机理。

A technique which can control the iteration step length of the single step full Newton Raphson method is presented to get the converged solution.

纺织物的弯曲刚度比其面内拉伸剪切刚度小得多，其下垂过程具有高度几何非线性，它能在经向和纬向同时屈曲，形成漂亮的圆角形状。

By using static equilibrium law, nonlinear buckle behavior of string in deep well has been researched. In comprehensive consideration of gravity, contact force of borehole wall, axial friction and tangential friction of borehole wall on the string, pressure and viscous resistance of fluid outside of and inside of a string, differential equation of buckle has been established, which amended computational model of axial load on a string.

应用静力平衡法对深井注入管柱的非线性屈曲行为进行了研究，建立了综合考虑重力、井壁支反力、井壁对管柱的轴向摩擦力和切向摩擦力及管柱内、外流体压力和粘滞阻力联合作用下的屈曲微分方程，对注入管柱的屈曲变形及弯曲附加应力等后屈曲行为进行分析，修正了管柱轴向载荷计算模型。

In the expariment,18 pieces of moist fresh humeri were used.Results Inpull and compress test,the high level of break load of BLIN was close to that ofboth-ends transverse-interlocking intramedullary nail.

采用18根湿润新鲜肱骨标本进行实验，比较分叉交锁髓内钉与其它三种内固定物固定之肱骨骨折在抗轴向拉伸及压缩、抗弯曲、抗扭转的强度和刚度等方面的差异性。

The transfer matrix method is used to carry out the vibration characteristic analysis of the fluid-filled piping system. The transfer matrix of the axial, transversal and torsion vibration of the fluid-filled straight pipe element is presented. And the transfer matrix of the elbow is derived according to the discrete model of the inextensible theory of the curve pipe. The effect of the flexural factor on the elbow's transfer matrix is studied.

基于充液直管的梁模型，考虑液体与管道之间的泊松耦合，详细推导了充液直管单元的轴向、横向及扭转振动传递矩阵；采用弯管不延伸理论的离散模型，将变管离散为一组首尾相连，并成一定角度的短直管单元，通过建立弯管处力平衡方程与连续性方程，建立了弯管平面内振动的传递矩阵，并研究了弯曲因子对传递矩阵的影响。

Through designing of composition and structure of the bioactive graded coating,innerstress and its distribution in the coating were analyzed and calculated, the resultsshowed that when composition distribution coefficient n was 1.5, a reasonable stressdistribution could be got, that was at the beginning of deposition the suspension containingrichly BG granules was used so that a rich BG granules layer, a good transitional layerbetween BG layer at the bottom and the coating could be obtained at the titanium alloy side,the bottom of the coating; the stress value near the interface and surface and its character,pressure stress or tensile stress, were decided by the character of its composition itself.Changing composition distribution coefficient n could only change the variation tendency ofstress in the coating, but did not change the stress distribution rule in the coating. Thethinner the coating is, the sharper stress variation in the coating is, which does not mean thatthicker coating is better because the thicker the coating is, the little the permitteddeformation of coating is, so the coating thickness should be thinner, for example, about50μm for bending applications, but for applications only bearing pure shear stress, such asroot of tooth implant, the coating can be thicker little, for instance, about 80～100μm. The study on electrification characteristic and electrophoresis deposition of HAand BG granules in aqueous and non-aqueous solution system found that EPD almost didn'toccur in aqueous solution system. However, because HA granules take position charges inabsolute alcohol, a homogeneous EPD be carried out on the cathode titanium alloy slice, but taking negative charge in absolute alcohol the BG granules not be deposited on the cathode. A guided HA crystallizing, 100～300nm, on surface of the BG granules be realized by metathetical reaction, which cover BG granules with HA microcrystals and make the covered BG granules taking position charges in absolute alcohol, sequentially realize the EPCD of the BG and HA granules on the cathode, so it is feasible to make a titanium alloy/BG/HA bioactive graded coating by making use of EPCD technology. The corrosion experiment of rich boron bioglass coating and plasma spray coating showed that split phase, rich boron and rich silicon phase, occurred during its preparation. In basic medium the corrosion behavior of 〓 BG coating showed uniformity corrosion, the corrosion mostly occurred at rich boron phase area, therefore batch formula design of BGshould avoid the occurring of split phase. The corrosion appearance of plasma spray coatingappeared a non-uniform corrosion, mostly occurred at the edge of the laminated HA moltendrops, and emerged an accelerated corrosion tendency, which will easyly lead to corrosioncrackles extending to the interface and the happening of osmotic interfacial corrosion, thatmay be one of the major reasons leading to the coating cracking-off in the later period. Thetesting results of thermal expansion coefficient of 〓 and 〓BG showed the thermalexpansion coefficient of 〓 BG matched with that of titanium alloy better, and 〓 BG couldsinter with titanium alloy into densification enamel layer at low temperature (720℃).

将Ti6Al4V合金在1000℃下进行真空热处理会降低其力学性能，且合金内的V元素会向表面富集，因此，钛合金真空热处理和表面涂层的烧结温度不能过高，即应低于其相转变点；通过对生物活性梯度涂层的组成和结构的设计，分析和计算了梯度涂层内的应力大小和分布，结果表明：对于本研究，当成分分布系数n=1.5时，可以获得较合理的涂层力学性能，即在沉积开始时，采用富含BG颗粒的悬浮液，以便在钛合金侧获得同底层BG有良好过渡的富BG涂层；梯度涂层界面和表面的应力大小、性质由材料组成本身的性质决定，改变成分分布系数，只能改变涂层内应力变化的趋势；涂层的厚薄不影响涂层内的应力分布规律，但涂层越薄，涂层内的应力变化越快，但这并不意味着涂层越厚越好，因为涂层越厚，涂层允许的变形越小，对于应用于弯曲受力部位的涂层而言，涂层应薄一点为好(50μm)；而对于仅纯受剪切应力的部位，如牙根种植体，涂层可适当加厚(80～100μm)；通过对HA和BG颗粒在水溶液体系和非水溶液体系中的带电特性和电泳沉积的研究发现，它们在水溶液体系中很难发生电沉积；在无水乙醇溶液中，HA颗粒带正电，可在阴极钛合金片上发生均匀的电泳沉积，而BG颗粒则带负电荷；利用复分解反应法，可以制得100～300nm的HA，通过诱导HA在BG颗粒表面结晶，可对BG颗粒进行表面包覆，获得了被HA包覆的BG颗粒，改变了BG颗粒表面的带电特性，使BG和HA颗粒在无水乙醇中均带上正电荷，从而实现了HA和BG颗粒在阴极上的共沉积。

Properties of these samples are tested by FAST instrument, including bending rigidity, extensibility, cutting resistance and seam puckers at different directions, and subjective evaluations on seam pucker are carried out in accordance with the related standard of AATCC.

在0°~360°范围内沿面料经向每隔10°分别取样并缝制，还包括45°、135°、225°和315°斜向角度，用FAST风格仪测定不同方向面料的弯曲性能、拉伸性能、剪切性能，分别测定面料不同方向的缝缩率，并通过AATCC标准对缝缩进行主观评价。

The results show that space finite analysis results are close to test ones, bottom chords suffer axial force and large in-plane bending, and the max stress is nearby each middle internode. The max stress of node crossbeams occurs in No.2 bottom flange, and that of internode crossbeams happens in ones lying in the middle of every internode. The concrete slab is in tension at the longitudinal direction, and also suffers bent at vertical loads. The degree of completely-composite model taking part in the combined actions is about 55%, while that of semi-composite model is 42%-43%. The combination of concrete slab and bottom chord increases the degree of floor system taking part in the combined actions, lightens the burden of bottom chord, and reduces out-of-plane bending of node crossbeams especially the ones near bridgehead. Stress and displacement of main truss can be evaluated by a equivalent plane rigid frame in preliminary design, and effective stiffness of bottom chords are composed of original ones and concrete slab, and the concentrated load from deck can be translated into uniform load.

研究结果表明：空间有限元分析结果与试验结果较吻合；下弦杆受到轴向拉力和较大的面内弯矩作用，各节间最大应力出现在节间中点附近；节点横梁最大应力发生在横梁2的下翼缘，节间横梁最大应力发生在位于端节间中部的小横梁上；混凝土板顺桥向整体受拉，并在竖向集中荷载作用下产生弯曲变形；全结合模型大部分节间内的桥面板参与主桁共同作用的程度为55%左右，半结合模型桥面板的参与程度为42%~43%；桥面板与下弦杆结合能够增加桥面板的参与程度，减轻下弦杆荷载，减少节点横梁尤其是靠近桥头横梁的面外弯曲；对桥梁进行初步设计时，主桁杆件的位移与内力可按照1个等效的平面刚架计算，下弦杆的等效刚度由原下弦杆截面和混凝土桥面板截面组合而成，桥面荷载可转化为均布荷载施加。

A correlation of the experimentaldynamic response of the vessels with the theoretical finite element calculations ispresented and discussed.1 The response of the end caps is dominated by transverseand torsional deformation of the plates.The membrane strain is negligible compareto the lateral strain.2 In the lengthwise direction of the inner cylinder,themembrane strain has the same magnitude as that of the bending strain. But for theouter cylinder,the former is much smaller than the later at the same direction.3 Forboth the inner shell and the outer shell,hoop strains are primarily due to themembrane deformation.The amplitude of the circumferential flexural strain isconsiderably small.4 Peak strains in the vicinity of the connection portion of theend caps and the shells are very high.This is important to assess the safety of thecontainer in case of repeated use or tests.5 The applying load to the end cap isdifferent from that to the inner shell plate, but peak stains and nodal displacementsof these two structural parts are nearly the same.It can be inferred that the dynamicresponse of the end cap is greatly affected by the structural vibration excited by theimpulsive loading.

结果表明：1在本文所考虑的载荷水平下，平板变形以板的横向弯曲和扭曲为主，中面应变幅值比较小。2对于内容器，其纵向变形中弯曲应变和中面应变大小接近；而对于外容器，其纵向变形以弯曲为主，中面变形比较小。3内、外壳体的环向变形主要是中面应变，弯曲应变分量很小。4平板和壳体连接处应变很大，这对于多次使用或实验时评价结构安全有指导意义。5尽管内筒底板和大封头上的作用载荷有一定差别，但应变峰值和节点位移峰值基本相近，这说明脉冲载荷激发起来的结构振动对封头的动态响应有很大影响。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。