向内

In chapter 5, the concept of zero-span tension known in papermaking area is for the first time introduce to wood science area to explore in-tree variation of longitudinal tensile strength of tracheids and its main influencing factors. In chapter 6, composite micromechanics and classic laminated theory are used to make a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the main influencing factors of mechanical properties of tracheids cell wall. Some experimental results acquired in the foregoing chapters are explained successfully. Results were summarized as follows: Mechanical characteristics of wood at micron scale: 1 At micron scale, the longitudinal mechanicai behavior of wood microtome section differs greatly from that of wood with normal size.

论文的第2章首先研究了微米尺度下木材的力学特性，为后面运用木材微切片拉伸技术奠定一定的理论基础；在第3章，首次考虑到了微米尺度下木材力学性质的尺寸效应，并运用木材微切片正常间距拉伸技术研究了管胞纵向弹性模量的株内变异规律；在第4章，首次利用纳米压痕技术中最新发展起来的连续刚度测量法直接在管胞细胞壁上进行纳米级的压痕实验，测量次生壁S〓层的纵横向弹性模量和硬度，从而把细胞壁力学的研究提高到一个更高的水平；在第5章，首次把造纸领域的零距拉伸技术引入木材科学研究领域，研究了管胞纵向抗拉强度的株内变异规律及其主要影响因素；第6章则运用复合材料细观力学的基本理论和经典层板理论对影响细胞壁力学性能的主要因素进行了全面而系统的分析，并为前几章的一些实验结果提供理论上的解释。

This paper took the paddy soil after saving-water irrigation as the object,which is from Taian town of Yangzhou city, selected microtomy to get undisturbed soil samples respectly between two periods(before irrigation and after harvest), built up the analytical technique of numerical picture system.It also set up the analysis index of macropore structure,such as the number of macropores N, the macroporosityφ,the area A, the perimeter P and so on. Meanwhile make analysis contrast about horizonal distribution among 4cm, 6cm and 8cm scanning areas, vertical differences per 2cm unit and contrast in time between different periods.

本文选取扬州市泰安镇节水灌溉后稻田土壤为研究对象，采用切片法取开灌前和收割后的原状土样，运用数字图像制备技术，获取大孔隙数目N、大孔隙度Φ、面积A、周长P等分析指标，对4cm、6cm和8cm扫描直径内大孔隙作水平向差异性分析，对2cm单位深度上作垂向差异性分析以及对两个不同时期作时间差异性分析。

The structure is a nose-shape monocline that descents toward the center of hydrocarbon occurring from the northwest to southeast. The distribution of oil and water in the Zhaowa-Anpeng Oilfield is relatively complex. There is deep-basin oil pool that the oil/water contact occurs at the updip end of the accumulation in the horizontal continuous reservoir. It is a tight-sandstone oil pool, the reservoir has a low permeance, and the formational pressure is lower than normal.

构造呈现单斜背景上的鼻状，自西北向东南生油中心倾没；赵凹安棚油田深层系内油水分布较为复杂，在横向连续储层内，出现了油水关系倒置的深盆油；储层属非均质低渗透储层；从深盆油观点看，属一种动态致密砂岩油藏；地层压力异常低，甚至负异常压力。

A switch includes a case having an upper surface having a hole provided therein, an operating unit inserted into the hole movably up and down, plural switch contacts activated upon the operating unit moving up and down, and a guide wall protruding downward from an inner edge of the hole.

一种开关装置，包括：具有形成有开口孔的上表面的外壳；可上下移动地插入开口孔内的操作体；随操作体的上下移动而进行动作的多个开关接点；从开口孔向下方伸出的导向壁。外壳的开口孔具有内周端。

When optical axis is perpendicular to the surface normal, it is found that the Brewster angle is decreased with the increase of frequency in the negative pass band.

第二部研究了各项异性异向介质的Brewster角，首先研究了主轴垂直于界面的情况，发现在异向介质负通带内，Brewster角随着频率增加而减小。

The undercarriage was a tricycle arrangement, with the wide-track main units retracting inwards into the wing and the nosewheel retracting backwards (following a 90 degree rotation) into the area beneath the cockpit.

飞机起落架是一个类似三轮车布局，配制宽轨的主起落架部分可以向后缩进机翼内，前轮向后回缩（自转90度）进座舱下部的区域。

Histochemical study indicated that most of amelogenin stayed in enamel matrix and othersdiffused to dentin, dental tube and odontoblast layer.

组织化学研究结果显示在釉质形成期，釉质蛋白大部分留在釉基质层，也有一部分向牙本质内扩散到牙本质、牙本质小管以及造牙本质细胞层内。

Heat-treating within the temperatures range 700 to 800℃, the transition temperature of heat-treated C-glass became higher with increasing heat-treatment temperatures and gradually approached the transition temperature of the B-glass without TiO〓; the appearance of the C-glass gradually changed from brown-violet colour to intense blue-violet colour and even to opalescence; and the phase separation morphology of TiO〓-rich phase gradually changed from an interconnected phase to a siliceous droplet phase embedded in SiO〓-rach matrix phase with increasing the heat-treatment temperatures.

在玻璃的转变点附近的温度范围内热处理含TiO〓系统玻璃时，随热处理温度的升高，玻璃的转变温度增大，逐渐向不含TiO〓的MgO-Al〓O〓-SiO〓系统玻璃的转变温度靠近；玻璃的颜色逐渐由紫色向兰色及乳白色转化，这是分相玻璃中两相组成在热处理过程中的变化所引起的。

A new least-squares-based algorithm that introduces a within-class scatter with guaranteed classification performance in the design of least squares support vector machines is presented.This algorithm can obtain better correctness that reformulates primal LS-SVM problems with optimality criterion Min w′Mw where w is the weight vector corresponding the primal LS-SVM problems,M is the within-class scatter matrix.

提出了一个新的最小二乘支持向量机算法，该算法向最小二乘支持向量机优化模型中融入了类内散度思想，即用优化准则Min w′Mw对原LS-SVM进行重组合，w为对应LS-SVM中的权向量，M是类内散度矩阵。

In addition, the magnetic noose tool was used to outline the contour line of inside and outside boundary, and obtain the inside and outside contour line of every layer of the femur. The rabbit femur was scanned by industry CT starting from the upper extreme of the femur, vertical to femoral ordinate axis line (slice space=1 mm).

再用磁性套索工具勾勒各层图像的内、外边界线，得到各层面股骨内、外轮廓曲线，采用CT 扫描机对兔股骨进行扫描，自股骨头上端起，由近端向远端垂直于股骨纵轴行CT 扫描，层间距为1 mm。

By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions of the government.

到它被攻陷的时候，里面多数的犯人是写了反对政府贪污文章的作家。

The most obvious variation to ovum morphological character was that the color was changed from light green to sepiaceous in embryonic development, and all the ovums were almost hatched after 96h.

在胚胎发育过程中卵的形态特征最明显的变化是颜色从淡绿到深褐色，卵在发育96h后卵基本全部孵化。