向关节的

Material and MethodsRA Rabbit Model group: 15 early RA rabbits of the same weight and variety Control group:10 normal rabbits of the same weight and varietyMethods of making RA rabbit model:elect 15 normal rabbits of the same weight and variety, dissolve Ovalbumin in 0.9% sodium chloride solution, to make the solution of 20mg/ml concengtration, blend the same quantity of complete Freund′s Adjuvant equably ,inject the mixed solution into endermic tissue of the rabbit′s scapular section, making the rabbits allergic, inject 1 ml of the mixed solution to one rabbit every time, inject 1 ml of the mixed solution in 5 different places of the rabbit′s scapular section, inject the rabbit one time every week,inject 3 weeks continuously,it turned out to be that the rabbits will be allergic, inject Ovalbumin blent with the 0.9% sodium chloride solution into the knee joint cavity of the rabbits in the fourth week, 5 mg Ovalbumin every knee joint cavity,two knees of every rabbit of the 15 rabbits are both injected,the arthrosis diameter and the exterior temperature of the knees will be added obviously in 24 hours,and they will drop gradually,at the time of the 14th or 21th day, the arthrosis diameter and the exterior temperature of the knees will get to the balance time,the incidence rate of RA is 100%.after the RA model succeeds,it is the early time of RA from the first week to the fourth week,after the fourth week,it is the late time of RA, the cartilage of the femoral condyle and the subchondral bone cortices will be changed unrecoverily.

资料与方法RA模型组：早期RA家兔模型15只，品种及体重接近。对照组：正常家兔10只，品种及体重接近。RA家兔模型制作方法：选取15只成年家兔，体重、品种接近，将卵蛋白溶解于生理盐水，配成浓度为20mg/ml的溶液，与等量完全弗氏佐剂混匀，注入家兔肩胛区皮下致敏，每只家兔每次注射1ml，于肩胛区5个不同区域注射，每周一次，连续注射3周而致敏，第4周向膝关节腔注射卵蛋白生理盐水溶液，每只关节腔注射5mg卵蛋白，15只家兔膝关节全部注射，24h内此关节直径和表面温度大幅度上升，以后缓慢下降，至14～21d达到平台期，发病率达100%。造模成功后第1～4周为早期改变，第4周以后出现不可逆的关节软骨及骨破坏。采用高频超声对RA模型组与对照组的膝关节髌上囊液体厚度、滑膜及股骨髁软骨厚度及软骨下骨皮质的回声情况进行对比观察。结果RA组模型组膝关节髌上囊积液及滑膜的厚度明显厚于对照组，其股骨髁软骨的厚度与对照组相比无明显差异，其软骨下骨皮质与对照组相比无明显改变。

Hunan Hengyang to the blue bearing Limited company, is located, the old city, Leiyang, nearby the Cai Lun park, the good communications, approach 107 federal highways, with two highways nearby, the environment is graceful, is specialized production miniature bearing /0 kind of - 7 kind of depth cancels the bearing/pole end bearing/radial bearing/knuckle bearing/joint ball and has custom-made each kind of non-sign bearing's enterprise.

湖南衡阳向兰轴承有限公司，座落于，古城，耒阳市，蔡伦公园旁边，交通方便，靠近107国道，和两条高速公路附近，环境优雅，是一家专业生产微型轴承/0类-7类深勾轴承／杆端轴承/向心轴承/关节轴承/关节球及定制各种非标轴承的企业。

The testing was performed under axial load(25N～150N) on each group. The stress changes of the caudad (C5/6,C6/7) zygapophyseal joint was tested .

结果 1。在轴向加载下，下位节段关节突关节内的压力随着施加载荷的增大而增大。

Methods Autogenous costochondral grafts were applied in the reconstruction of the temporomandibular joint in 27 cases with condyle ankylosis from 1988～1998.The follow up period was 1～10 years.The pre-and post-operative degree of mouth opening and the TMJ function was examined.

采用自体肋骨、肋软骨移植对27例颞下颌关节真性强直患者进行了关节重建术，术后随访，计算手术前后张口度的差值，检查咬合关系、下颌前伸和侧向运动功能，行关节X线检查。

Methods:Twelve patients with fresh transverse fracture of patella were reviewed in the study.The hemarthrosis,blood clot,fracture fragments and soft tissues between them were cleared with arthroscopy.With the help of C-arm X-ray,the fracture was reduced with manipulation method.After the articular facet reached anatomical reduction,two Kirschners were inserted percutaneously from proximal end to distal end of fracture to fix the fragments,Two hollow screw were put along the approach of Kirschners,and tension band fixation was performed with the shape of "8".Results:All the patients were followed up averagely 12.4 months.

12例新鲜髌骨横骨折患者通过关节镜清理关节腔内的血凝块、碎骨块和骨折块之间嵌顿的软组织，直视下观察骨折复位情况以指导骨折复位固定，在C形臂X线透视下帮助骨折复位，关节镜观察关节面解剖复位后，经皮从近折端向远折端平行打入2枚克氏针固定骨折块，顺克氏针拧入2枚中空螺钉，拔除克氏针，顺螺钉空心导入钢丝，行张力带&8&字固定。

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the stress distribution on the intervertebral disc, interarticular process and iliolumbar ligament of the lumbar vertebrae.

目的：观察轴向载荷下L5~S1上关节突与下关节突之间的峡部、椎间盘和髂腰韧带的应变和表面应力情况。

Methods 101patients were enrolled to perform central venous catheter placement.The patients were taken hor-izontal position,retrosternal raised30°orientation,head faced to the left.The puncturing point lower1.5cm subclavian（at1/3between sternoclavicular joint and shoulder joint）,injector was directed toward laryngeal prominence,parellel and slowly puncturing.

101例锁骨下静脉置管患者均取平卧位，肩背部垫高30°，头向左侧，取胸锁关节至胸肩关节连线的1/3处，锁骨下缘1.5cm为穿刺进针点，右手持注射器于穿刺点朝喉结方向平行缓慢进针，置管深度为15cm。

Anterior cruciate ligamentis the significant composition that is steady in the preceding direction of knee joint .The injuries afterwards may lead to be obviously unfirm in the preceding direction of knee joint ; badly affect the function of knee joint ; secondary damage the main composition such as articular cartilage and meniscus ;cause articular degeneration and articular disease happen in early phase .

前十字韧带是膝关节重要的前向稳定结构，损伤后可以产生明显的膝关节前向不稳，严重影响膝关节功能，继发关节软骨、半月板等主要结构损害，导致关节退变和骨关节病的早期发生。

Department of orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central-south University, Changsha, China3 Objectives: To study cervical adjacent zygapophyseal joint stress distribution following two level ADR and ACDF on, in order to provide biomechanical reference for clinical application of two level ADR. Methods: Eleven healthy adult fresh-frozen multi-segmental cervical spine segments were utilized in this study and biomechanically evaluated under the following C4/5, C5/6 cervical disc conditions:⑴intact spine;⑵he Bryan Disc prosthesis implantation;⑶the intervertebral fusion.

取11具新鲜完整的成人下颈段标本，按实验先后分别制成C4/5、C5/6椎间盘完整、椎间盘置换、椎间融合三个模型组，在标本上施加轴向分级载荷，将微型阻电式压力传感器置入C5/6、C6/7关节突关节内，测量合组各分级载荷下C5/6、C6/7关节突关节内的压力。

After discectomy, partial laminectomy and bilateral medial 1/3 facetectomy, the ROM of L4-L5 segment was significantly increased in flexion, extension, left and right lateral bendings as well as left and right axial rotations (relative ROM 1. 34, 1. 94, 1. 19, 1. 34, 2. 23, 1. 52 seperatively).

随着双侧小关节逐级切除，各组运动的运动范围明显呈逐渐增加趋势，双侧小关节内侧1/3切除和双侧小关节全切除状态之间在前屈、左右侧弯、左右轴向旋转运动方面有显著性差异。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。