吐蕃

Cases Tang period, Tubo State became a vassal state of China.

唐中宗时期，吐蕃国成为中国的属国。

Tubo period sculpture and painting at the absorption of foreign art nutrition, integrated Tibetan folk arts development stage, showing the diversity of artistic styles, with a typical artistic style of Gandhara, with a clear Dunhuang in the Tang Dynasty style, there are the Central Plains sculpture style , a Nepalese style of ancient art, but also a Tibetan folk art combined with the new forms, in a sense it can be said that the development of the arts in the history of Tibet during the opening.

吐蕃时期的雕塑和绘画处于吸收外来艺术营养、融汇藏族民间艺术的发展阶段，表现出艺术风格的多样性，有典型的犍陀罗艺术风格，有明显的敦煌唐代风格，有中原雕刻风格，有尼泊尔古代艺术风格，同时也出现了同藏族民间艺术结合产生的新形式，在某种意义上可以说是西藏艺术发展史上的开放时期。

China has compiled and published hundreds of Tibetology monographs, including A Comprehensive History of Tibet, A Historically Produced Unity, Historical Documents of Tubo Kept in Dunhuang, and Artistic Exchanges between Tibetans and Han Chinese in the Yuan Dynasty; edited and published over 400 Chinese-language collections of historical documents on Tibet, such as Old and New Tang Books - Historical Materials in Tibetan, The Ming-dynasty Records - Historical Materials in Tibetan, and The Qing-dynasty Records - Historical Materials in Tibetan, more than 70 collections of ancient Tibetan documents, including The Collected Works of Sakya Pandita Kunga Gyaltsen and The Collected Works of Tonpa Sherab, as well as more than 24,000 papers on Tibetology published in various newspapers and magazines.

据不完全统计，国内已编写出版《西藏通史--松石宝串》、《历史造就的统一体》、《敦煌吐蕃历史文书》、《元代汉藏艺术交流》等研究著作数百部，编辑出版《新旧唐书藏文史料》、《明实录藏族史料》、《清实录藏族史料》等藏事汉文文献丛书400多种，整理出版了《萨班贡嘎坚赞全集》、《敦巴西饶全集》等70多部藏文古籍文献，在各类报刊发表藏学研究论文2.4万多篇。

But the Tangka appeared in the seventh century. It began from Songzhang Yubu who established Tufan Dynasty.

但是唐卡的出现，则要推延到7世纪，松藏干布建立吐蕃王朝开始。

ZHU Lidong : An Analysis on Phenomenon of Prehistoric Skull Trepanning on Tibetan Plateau

朱立东：吐蕃特高原史前头骨穿孔现象分析

Tufan was the strongest rival of Tang Dynasty during about 200 years.

吐蕃是唐朝近两百年中最强劲的对手。

Special as it is in terms of regions, culture and religion, the historic evolution of Tufan society has become the hot issue for Tibetan study both in China and abroad.

由于特殊的地域、文化、宗教等因素，吐蕃社会的历史变迁也成为国内外藏学界长期以来关注、研究的热点问题。

In the period of Qizongnongzan, Tufan and Tang peacefully coexisted with each other.

在弃宗弄赞时期，吐蕃、唐朝和平相处，唐朝的国力和疆域得到迅速发展。

Tibet had a great development in transportation not only on the Tibet Plateau but also in its surrounding areas from the end of the prehistoric age to the start of the Tufan kingdom.

从史前时代结束到吐蕃王朝以前，西藏高原无论其内部还是与周边地区的交通都得到极大的开辟和发展。

Guge,a clan of Tufan founded for avoiding enemy,seldom communicated with others.There's 400 years history unrecorded for such

古格是吐蕃的一族因为避仇才建立的，对外交流很少，其中400年的历史是没有记载的，是一个突然消失的民族！

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。