后验的

The main contents include: Some preliminary theory (introduction to Sobolev spaces and variational formulations for differential equations); finite element methods for one-dimensional elliptic problems; the construction methods for general finite elements; error estimates for interpolation operators and inverse inequalities for finite element spaces; a priori and a posteriori error estimates for the finite element method for high-dimensional elliptic problems; some typical spectral methods for partial differential equations; error analysis for the spectral approximation for some linear and nonlinear partial differential equations.

主要内容有：准备知识（Sobolev空间的基本概念和主要结果，微分方程的变分描述）；一维椭圆型方程有限元方法；一般有限元的构造；插值算子误差估计和逆不等式；高维椭圆型方程的先验、后验误差估计；求解偏微分方程的几类谱方法；线性与非线性问题谱逼近的误差分析等。

Chapter 4 is the central part of this dissertation, where the bayes bilateral integrated moment is established on the base of Bayes theory, downside risk and upside potential. According to the variation coefficient which is based on the M-V approach, we substitute lower partial moment for the numerator of variation coefficient, and use higher partial moment as the substitute of the denominator, then we got bilateral integrated moment. Subsequently, through Bayes method we can absorb new information, revise the return distribution from transcendental distribution to posterior distribution, so we got bayes bilateral integrated moment.

第四章是本文的核心部分，在简要介绍Bayes理论、下方风险和上行潜能的基础上，仿照来源于Markowitz的均值——方差理论的变异系数方法，以下偏矩取代其分子部分，以上行潜能取代其分母部分，设计了双侧综合矩方法，接着再引入Bayes方法，吸纳新信息，采用后验概率，设计了Bayes双侧综合矩方法，并在理论上说明了新方法的优越性。

It establishes the prior information, according to historical information or the design experiences and the posterior distribution of the parameters on the basis of sample data, by which we can do point estimation or interval estimation, predict the future trend.

首先，作为可靠性评估的基础性工作，本文提出了贝叶斯预测模型用于配网元件原始参数的评估，引入由历史资料或设计经验形成的先验信息，并结合样本数据形成被估参数的后验分布；在此基础上进行点估计或区间估计，就可以对未来的变化趋势做出预测。

The emphasis of this paper is as follows: Firstly, an improved AR model and Bayesian posterior probability based clustering method is proposed and the principle and way of how to use this method for clustering time course gene expression data are elaborated.

本论文重点是：建立了一种改进的基于自回归模型和贝叶斯后验概率的动态聚类分析算法，阐述了应用该算法进行时序基因表达数据聚类分析的原理和方法；建立了一种基于自回归模型的模糊动态聚类分析算法，阐述了应用该算法进行时序基因表达数据聚类分析的原理和方法。

Using it we can approximately obtain the expectation of any function,using the certain quantity the random sample particle to express the posterior density of random variable in the model,and can be used in the any non-linear random models.

粒子滤波算法是一种适用于非线性非正态约束的基于模拟的统计滤波算法，可以近似得到任意函数的数学期望，利用一定数量的随机样本粒子来表示模型中随机变量的后验概率分布，并且能应用于任意非线性随机模型。

In position based matching method, syllable lattice is explained as a sequence of some competition sets and then position specific posterior probability is calculated for all candidates.

在采用位置匹配机制的检索方法中，将音节Lattice解释为具有特定位置标号的若干竞争集的级联，给出了相应的搜索匹配方法，以及匹配路径处于特定位置的后验概率值的计算方法。

The first one is based on minimum cross entropy with the hypothesis of uniform or normal probability distribution.

这些算法与传统算法的不同主要在于：(1)基于规范的理论框架和一般性的分割准则，对问题的依赖性小；(2)采用贝叶斯后验概率计算交叉熵中的两种分布。

Based on appropriate assumptions, this thesis established an asset pricing model on the condition of endogenous posterior heterogeneous, and then I analyzed the relationship between heterogeneous beliefs and signal, short-sale constraints and asset misvaluation, and finally, carried out an empirical testing of the model's deduction based on appropriate samples from China stock market.

通过适当的假设，建立了内生后验异质信念的资产定价模型，然后对异质信念与信号强度的关系、卖空限制和资产误定价程度的关系等进行了分析，最后，选取我国股票市场的适当样本，对模型的推论进行实证检验。

Korex is mainly engaged in the business of international freight forwarding for cargos importing and exporting, international exhibits, private goods and transit cargos, including canvassing, consigning, space booking, warehousing, transferring, container consolidating %26amp; devanning, balancing for freight and lump sum charges, customs clearance, declaration for entry-exit inspecting %26amp; quarantine, insurance brokerage, short distance transferring and transportation consulting; knit %26amp; cotton goods, garment and accessories, daily commodities, chemicals, office accessories, furniture, machinery %26amp; equipment parts and consumable materials wholesaling, commission agent, importing %26amp; exporting and other related services.

韩通物流有限公司是由大韩通运株式会社和大韩通运国际物流株式会社在中国投资组建的具有法人资格的外商投资企业。公司成立于2006年3月，是中国按照WTO协议开放日程的有关规定，于2005年底对外全面放开其物流行业后成立的首批外商独资物流企业。公司承办海运、陆运、空运进出口货物、国际展品、私人物品及过境货物国际运输代理业务，包括：揽货、托运、订舱、仓储、中转、集装箱拼箱拆箱、结算运杂费、报关、报验、保险、相关的短途运输服务及运输咨询业务；针棉织品、服装及辅料、鞋帽、日用品、化工品、办公用品、家具、机械设备零部件及耗材的批发、佣金代理、进出口以及相关配套业务。

Monte Carlo is a method that approximately solves mathematic or physical problems by statistical sampling theory. When comes to Bayesian classification, it firstly gets the conditional probability distribution of the unlabelled classes based on the known prior probability. Then, it uses some kind of sampler to get the stochastic data that satisfy the distribution as noted just before one by one. At last, it can obtain the posterior probability distibution of each unlabelled classes by analysing these stochastic data.

蒙特卡罗是一种采用统计抽样理论近似求解数学或物理问题的方法，它在用于解决贝叶斯分类时，首先根据已知的先验概率获得各个类标号未知类的条件概率分布，然后利用某种抽样器，分别得到满足这些条件分布的随机数据，最后统计这些随机数据，就可以得到各个类标号未知类的后验概率分布。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。