后验概率

So people are more interested in the researches of observation model and the impoverishment problem.

在实际的视觉跟踪过程中，后验概率的分布往往是非线性、非高斯、多模态的。

Dempster et al (1983) assumed that logit of the historical rates is normally distributed. Bayesian methods are applied to obtain a P-value of the posterior probability of a positive dose-response slope. The authors indicated that their Bayesian approach is asymptotically equiva- lent to the large sample test of Tarone.

Dempster et a1（1983）假设历史对照患癌率的Logit服从正态分布，应用Bayesian方法给出了递增剂量反应斜率后验概率的P-值，并且指出，这种Bayesian方法与Tarone（1982）的检验在大样本时是渐近等价的。

The probabilistic methodology of inversion consists of evaluation of likelihood function and calculation of posterior probability.

根据贝叶斯理论给出了对含噪声地球物理数据处理的具体流程和方法，主要包括似然函数估计和后验概率计算。

Using the prior knowledge of endmembers' coexistence, combined with the normal distribution function of endmembers' spectra, the optimal endmembers set was selected based on maximal liklihood.

在获得端元共存的先验知识基础上，结合端元光谱的正态分布函数，通过最大后验概率得到最佳的端元集合。

Chapter 4 is the central part of this dissertation, where the bayes bilateral integrated moment is established on the base of Bayes theory, downside risk and upside potential. According to the variation coefficient which is based on the M-V approach, we substitute lower partial moment for the numerator of variation coefficient, and use higher partial moment as the substitute of the denominator, then we got bilateral integrated moment. Subsequently, through Bayes method we can absorb new information, revise the return distribution from transcendental distribution to posterior distribution, so we got bayes bilateral integrated moment.

第四章是本文的核心部分，在简要介绍Bayes理论、下方风险和上行潜能的基础上，仿照来源于Markowitz的均值——方差理论的变异系数方法，以下偏矩取代其分子部分，以上行潜能取代其分母部分，设计了双侧综合矩方法，接着再引入Bayes方法，吸纳新信息，采用后验概率，设计了Bayes双侧综合矩方法，并在理论上说明了新方法的优越性。

From the twenty century, the computer technology has great development, which made the computation of the posterior distribution based on the multidimensional integral possible.

二十世纪以来，计算机技术得到了空前的发展，这使得以多维积分为基础的贝叶斯后验概率的计算成为可能，这也推动了贝叶斯计量经济学的发展。

Within methods of this class, tracking is solved by sequential building posterior probability distribution of target state, and sampling based Monte Carlo computing acts as one of the key technologies.

这类方法通过序贯构造目标状态的后验概率分布来求解跟踪问题，而基于抽样的蒙特卡罗计算方法则是其中关键的统计计算技术。

The state posterior probability distribution resolved by theKalman filter is not approaching resolution.

通过Kalman滤波器求解出的状态后验概率分布是解析解，而不是近似逼近值。

The results demonstrate that SCEM-UA algorithm is well suited to infer the posterior distribution of Xinanjiang model parameters. The results of calibration and validation indicate that it is a feasible and effective for optimization and uncertainty assessment of Xinanjiang model parameters.

结果表明，该算法能很好地推出新安江模型参数的后验概率分布；率定和检验结果比较分析也表明，应用SCEM-UA算法对新安江模型进行优选和不确定评估是有效和可行的。

In order to increase the detection speed, by using mixing particle sets to express the posterior probability distribution and adopting the Monte Carlo numerical methods to calculate the mixing weights, the fast fault detection algorithm is proposed based on the estimate window method.

为了提高故障检测的速度，采用混合粒子集表达后验概率分布，并由Monte Carlo数值方法优化得到各粒子集的加权值，据此提出了基于估计窗的快速故障检测算法。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。