后验

On the premise that the quantity of the test is ensured, a scheme of reliability acceptance test in binomial case is formulated by using prior information efficiently.

在试验样本量一定的条件下，充分利用验前信息弥补现场试验信息的不足，从平均后验风险角度制定了成败型系统可靠性鉴定试验的Bayes方案。

In this paper, a speckle reduction method for SAR images based on Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform is proposed. It first presumes the probability distribution function for complex wavelet coefficients of the original nature image, and then applies MAP theory to estimate coefficients from the noisy wavelet coefficients. Filtered image can be derived after inversed DTCWT.

该方法首先对无噪声污染图像的复数小波系数的统计概率分布进行建模；然后利用此先验概率模型，采用最大后验概率方法从含噪小波系数中估计出无噪声污染的小波系数：最后经重构得到滤波后的图像。

The case study shows that the method proposed can provide the posterior distribution of parameters of Nash model based on posterior information of parameters.

实例研究表明，该方法能充分利用已知的后验信息获取Nash模型参数的不确定性，得到其后验分布。

The difficulty in statistical inference using Bayesian approach is calculating the posterior margin distribution, in most situations, it is very difficult to do so and even the formula can not be got.

运用Bayes 统计分析的方法进行统计推断的难点在于其后验边际分布的计算，在很多情况下很难，甚至不可能得到后验边际分布的解析表示，有时虽然可能得到解析表示但是结果相当复杂，不便于应用和推广。

Further more, based on the analysis of Bayesian AR model and MA model , we analyzed the Bayesian ARMA model and its mathematical structure. Mainly analyzed the Bayesian ARMA(1,1) model, and constructed the model condition likelihood function and the parameters posterior distribution.

同时，以时间序列AR模型及MA模型的贝叶斯分析为基础进行了时间序列ARMA模型的贝叶斯分析，从分析ARMA模型的数学结构开始，重点进行了ARMA(1，1)模型的贝叶斯分析；构建了模型的条件似然函数和参数的先验分布，推导其参数的条件后验密度和边缘后验密度；并借用一组SAS软件模拟的ARMA(1，1)序列，通过WinBUGS进行仿真分析。

After building the model a test face image may be detected by Bayesian posterior probability.

在构建好学习模型后，用贝叶斯后验概率检测未知样本。

From statistical point of view, this is a Bayesian one in which a posterior probability density surface is calculated for points on a grid in the parameter space.

从统计观点上讲，这是一种在参数空间对每个栅格点计算后验概率密度的Bayesian统计，采用平滑函数对不规则的后验概率密度曲面进行平滑化，从而在置信的95尹。

A method for protecting channel error code resistance ability of low speed vocoder includes applying improved Chinese plain code and BCH code to separately protect voice parameter in voiceless and voiced sound frames at coding end, using BCH code to recover relevant parameters of voiceless sound frame and using maximum post verification probability rule to recover parameter of voiceless sound accurately for voiced sound frame then using line spectrum to parameter anti-error code algorithm to recover line spectrum to parameter at decoding end.

该方法在编码端改变2.4kb/s SELP编码后清音帧清浊音参数的发送模式；采用BCH码和改进的(7，4)汉明码分别保护清音和浊音帧中的语音参数；在解码端，根据信源信道的联合特性采用分支判决确定清浊音；对于清音帧采用相应BCH码恢复出对应参数，对于浊音帧采用基于长时统计特性的最大后验概率准则恢复清浊音参数，并解码出线谱对参数第一级并对残留误码的线谱对参数采用线谱对参数抗误码算法恢复。

The implicit iterative method was applied to the linearized Newton equation, and the key step in the process was that a new reasonable a posteriori stopping rule for the inner iteration was presented.

对线性化后的Newton方程用隐式迭代法求解，关键的一步是引入了一种新的更合理的确定迭代步数的后验准则。

Secondly, the properties of output sequences of stop-and-go clocked combiners are discussed. It is proved that the output sequences are stationary and obey strong law of large numbers and central limit theorem. Using the probabilistic model properly built, we analyze the rate of coincidence between the output sequences of two kinds of generators with basic operations and corresponding LFSRs sequences. All the computational formulae are derived. A recursive algorithm for efficiently computing the poster probability of partial input strings and corresponding joint probability is introduced. Moreover, divide-and-conquer attacks on this kind of generators which reconstruct the initial states of the input stop-and-go generators individually are proposed.

其次，分析了一般钟控停走组合生成器输出序列的概率分布性质，证明了生成器的输出序列是严平稳的，且服从强大数定律和中心极限定理；考察了钟控加法型组合生成器和钟控乘法型组合生成器的输出序列和相应的常规钟控下线性移位寄存器序列之间的符合率，给出了符合率的具体计算公式；给出了组合器输出序列段和输入序列段之间的联合分布以及部分输入序列段的后验概率的有效递归算法，进一步提出了利用后验概率对钟控组合生成器进行分别征服相关攻击的方法。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。