后验

In this algorithm, the direction-of-arrival is assumed to be a discrete random variable with a priori probability density function defined on a set of candidate points. Whether or not the secondary sample is required is based on the a posteriori probability distribution of a set of candidate point"s, which can be calculated from the array received signals. And then, the resulting beamformer is a weighted sum of the beamformers pointed at the latest set of point"s, which are combined according to the value of the a posteriori probability for each pointing direction.

在该算法中，期望信号的波达方向被看作是一个定义在若干候选波达方向上的离散随机变量，由阵列接收信号计算出各候选波达方向的后验概率，并将后验概率的分布作为是否需要进行二次采样的判断标准；随后，对各波达方向上的波束成形权值线性加权，便可得到自适应波束成形器，权系数为各候选波达方向的后验概率值。

If further refinement is to be performed then the aposteriori error estimators are used as a guide as to show the refinement mightbe accomplished most efficiently.

尽管加密的方法几乎总是根据后验误差估计来进行自适应，但对于移动网格方法来说，我们还没有看到使用后验误差估计构造控制函数的文献。

The coordinate transformation and numerical integration was executed on the discretized tetrahedral elements based on which the 3-D MT vector-finite element method was implemented. A whole computation framework for 3-D vector-finite element method with unstructured mesh was given. Based on this some typical models were tested which has demonstrated that our algorithm could distinctively avoid problems caused by the fake solution and both the accuracy and efficiency were enhanced which made our algorithm has a bright future for further application.3. According to theory of Sobolev vector space and the discretization of Helmholtz space, the error estimate which was suitable for 3-D MT vector-finite element modeling was deduced by which the procedure of adaptive technique was guaranteed.4. Based on the fully unstructured tetrahedralization and optical strategy, the 3-D magnetotelluric h-adaptive vector-finite element method was presented through combining the error estimate. With this work, the accuracy and creditableness for 3-D MT complicatedly modeling was guaranteed.5. The 3-D magnetotelluric h-adaptive vector-finite element algorithm with unstructured mesh was implemented.

针对非结构化的四面体单元，采用坐标变换和数值积分方法，实现了MT三维矢量有限单元分析，建立起基于非结构化网格的三维MT矢量有限元计算流程，并对典型模型和国际标准电磁模型进行了数值模拟，结果对比和分析表明，基于非结构化网格的三维MT矢量有限元不仅消除了节点型有限元的伪解，而且具有很高的计算精度和速度，有广阔的应用前景。3、根据Sobolev函数的向量空间和Hemlholtz空间的分解，推导出基于残差的三维大地电磁矢量有限元后验误差估计公式，为三维大地电磁自适应矢量有限元数值模拟的实现奠定了基础。4、在完全非结构化四面体单元剖分及优化基础上，结合三维大地电磁矢量有限元后验误差估计公式，提出了基于非结构化网格的三维大地电磁h-型自适应矢量有限元计算策略，保证了对复杂大地电磁模型数值计算的精度和可靠性。5、实现了基于非结构化网格的三维大地电磁h-型自适应矢量有限元计算流程，对典型模型和国际标准电磁模型进行了数值模拟。

Finally we studied the problem of the lower Bayesian confidence limit on the process capability index C_ The Jeffreys'non-informative prior distribution depending on Fisher's information is explored. The posterior distribution of C_is conducted.

最后，研究了C_pm指数置信下限的问题，通过Fisher信息阵确定Jeffrey无信息先验分布，推导出C_pm的后验分布，并据此采用最大后验密度方法构造了贝叶斯置信下限。

We will demonstrate the specification of reference prior distribution on the random covariance matrix. We will consider the approximate uniform shrinkage prior and approximate Jeffreys' prior. Both are formulated based on the approximated likelihood function. Under generalized linear mixed models, we show that the posterior mode under Jeffrey's prior is asymptotically closer to the REML estimate than the mode under uniform shrinkage prior does.

在广义线性混合模式下，我们证明了在样本数很大时，随机效应之变异数成份的后验众数和REML估计值会近似相等，同时也建立了后验众数和REML估计值的近似关系式，并提出了比较二种后验众数与REML估计值之间远近的准则。

However the posterior density functions of character parameter, skew parameter and location parameter are multi-mode, so the slice sampling is used to make the algorithm more efficient.

其中辅助变量的后验密度是单峰的，因此引入自适应舍选抽样来提高效率，而特征参数、偏度参数和位置参数的后验密度是多峰的，用切片抽样来处理效果较好。

Then give a conveniency and applied Bayes-information fusion method when prior information comes from different sources, and find the prior distribution and posterior distribution of the failure rate.

然后，在产品具有多源验前信息源的情况下，给出了一种方便实用的Bayes信息融合方法，充分融合各验前信息，得到产品失效率的验前分布及后验分布。

This paper presents a novel multiple object segmentation algorithm based on a Bayesian framework. According to the characteristic of the intra-frame and inter-frame information, a representation of Maximization of the A posteriori Probability of spatio-temporal label field is proposed. So a minimization of energy function is obtained.

摘要该文提出了一种基于贝叶斯框架的时空标记场最大后验概率的多视频对象分割算法，根据视频序列帧间和帧内信息的不同特点，建立基于多个对象分割标记场的最大后验概率公式，并导出其最小能量函数，通过求解最小能量使其分割标记的后验概率达到最大。

The computation of posterior probability considers the evidence E certain without dealing with uncertain evidence,in terms of this,the posterior probability is split the difference according to the probability of evidence appearing in Bayesian network and its extension network of Credal network,and is expressed by Credal set so as to provide the base of decision-making for decision-maker.

任何变量的后验概率计算都假定证据变量E是确定的，无法处理不确定证据下的后验概率。针对这个问题，提出在贝叶斯网络及其扩展的Credal网络中应用证据出现的概率对后验概率进行折中处理，并用不确定的Credal集表达其结果，从一定程度上为决策人员提供有意义的决策依据。

The computation of posterior probability considers the evidence E certain without dealing with uncertain evidence,in terms of this,the posterior probability is split the difference according to the probability of evidence appearing in Bayesian network and its extension network of Credal network,and is expressed by Credal set so as to provide the base of decision-making for decision-maker.

中文摘要：任何变量的后验概率计算都假定证据变量E是确定的，无法处理不确定证据下的后验概率。针对这个问题，提出在贝叶斯网络及其扩展的Credal网络中应用证据出现的概率对后验概率进行折中处理，并用不确定的Credal集表达其结果，从一定程度上为决策人员提供有意义的决策依据。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。