后颈

The patient whose cervicothoracic epidural hematoma we treated underwent CSMT after a 2-month history of neck pain without headache.

本例中的颈胸椎硬膜外血肿病例是在头痛2个月后接受CSMT的。

Methods Among the three cases of cervicothoracic spinal cord compression,two were diagnosed as ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and one as fracture of the thoracic spine.

3例颈胸段脊髓压迫症中，2例为后纵韧带骨化，1例为胸椎骨折。

We describe a new technique using vascularized fibula grafts anastomosed to the internal thoracic vessels to reconstruct the cervicothoracic junction after en bloc resection of primary spinal tumors or for correction of progressive deformities in this region.

笔者描述一种新技术使用血管化腓骨移植物吻合到胸廓内血管重建颈胸结合部原发肿瘤整块切除后的缺损或矫正此区域的进行性加重的畸形。

Atherosclerosis, independent of the established risk factors in healthy men, which could contribute tohigh incidence of cardiovascular diseases in subjects with chronotropic incompetence.European Heart Journal (2006) 27, 954–959

这些结果表明运动锻炼后的变时性反应同颈动脉粥样硬化的发生相关，它独立于在健康人中已建立的危险因素以外，能够使变时性机能不全的受试者患心血管疾病的可能性大大增加

The bone resection was divided into four steps via FLA:① drilling of the jugular tuberculum;② partial mastoidectomy;③ removal of the occipital condyle;④resection of the lateral mass of C1 with mobilization of the vertebral artery. After each step of the bone resection was completed, the exposed area of the central clival depression and the area of exposure 15 cm above the central point were calculated.

利用CT和立体定向仪对20例甲醛溶液固定的头颅标本标记斜坡中央凹陷区中心点，采用FLA入路，骨切除分四步进行：磨除颈静脉结节，部分乳突切除，枕髁全切，C1侧块切除；分别于每一步骨切除及血管神经牵拉完成后测量斜坡中央凹陷区的显露范围和位于中心点上方15 cm处术者的操作范围。

Methods Central point at the central clival depression was marked with the help of CT and stereotactic apparatus in 20 formalin-fixed cadaveric heads. The bone resection was divided into four steps via FLA:① drilling of the jugular tuberculum;② partial mastoidectomy;③ removal of the occipital condyle;④resection of the lateral mass of C1 with mobilization of the vertebral artery. After each step of the bone resection was completed, the exposed area of the central clival depression and the area of exposure 15 cm above the central point were calculated.

利用CT和立体定向仪对20例甲醛溶液固定的头颅标本标记斜坡中央凹陷区中心点，采用FLA入路，骨切除分四步进行：磨除颈静脉结节，部分乳突切除，枕髁全切，C1侧块切除；分别于每一步骨切除及血管神经牵拉完成后测量斜坡中央凹陷区的显露范围和位于中心点上方15 cm处术者的操作范围。

Comclusion: transpetrous presigmoid retrolabrinth approach was rational approach for surgery on petroclivus and -4- CPA; it抯 important for accomplish the surgery to study and master the anatomy and variance of this approach; there was relative anatomical relationship among those structure on posterior of petrous bone; AAMP was the extracranial mark of inflexion of TS and SS; LAM and PSC were obvious bone marks for operation; we can confirm the abraded range of petrous bone lean upon LAM and/or GSS beside abrading step by step as literature, and it抯 unnecessary and unrational to emphasize to show PSC if the surgical space was enough; preceding sigmoid sinus and high jugular bulb often appeared at right and would bring disadvantage effect; interspace ,between CN V and CNVII or CNVII and CNJXI, were available to reach clivus and manage the mass on the range.

经SS前迷路后入路是处理岩斜坡区、桥小脑角区病变理想的手术入路；研究和熟悉手术入路中的解剖结构及部分变异对指导手术十分必要；岩骨内测面的骨性结构之间有着相对稳定的空间关系；顶乳缝前角是SS和TS转接处在颅外的标志；IAM和PSC等结构可以作为手术中的重要骨性标志；以PSC确定岩骨的磨除范围是较安全和可靠的，但亦可以结合影像检查，以内耳道和乙状窦前缘为基点判定切除范围，如果操作空间足够，过分强调磨出半规管是不适当的；右侧GSS的宽度和深度较对侧大，SS前置和颈静脉球高位较对侧多见，这些都对右侧入路有不利的影响，但仍可以进行手术操作；三叉神经和面神经间隙及面l 神经和舌咽神经间隙方便到达斜坡并处理病变。l

The slip knot was tightening by the drawn-string through the cardiac catheter which can be removed after decannulation. The modified Dennis cannulation was done with left ventricular assistance from the left atrium (via right external jugular vein) to the right subclevian artery in 6 dogs.

这种方法用于从右颈外静脉到左心房插引流管，和从右锁骨下动脉插灌注管行左心辅助的试验犬6例，在拔管后房间隔插管处可被闭合。

Methods Twenty SD rats were divided into one control group with pseudo-operation and three model groups of cervical dynamic dysequilibrium in different degree with resection of dorsocervical muscles,i.e.resection of superficial,profound and whole muscles,respectively.

选择了20只SD大鼠，通过手术直接损伤其颈背部浅层、深层及全层肌群，建立了大鼠颈椎动力平衡失调程度不同的动物模型，6月后观察各造模组颈椎间盘内蛋白多糖量的变化，并与对照组相比较。

Introduced endothelioid cells were cultured and then seeded on the cell-free cattle jugular vein intravascular stent.

诱导后的内皮样细胞扩增培养，种植在脱细胞牛颈静脉血管支架上。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。