后路

There is a mass noted over the posterior cervical space in the left posterior neck ,that corresponds to the mass palpated by patient.This mass appears hyperintense on T2 image,and shows moderate contrast enhancement.Radiograph confirmed the presence of a phlebolith at this location,and complementary ultrasound shows hypoechoic mass which is compressible.

有一个大规模指出，在颈椎后路空间在左后颈部，即相当于地下palpated由patient.this大规模出现高信号图像，并显示出温和的反差enhancement.radiograph证实存在一个静脉石在这个位置，和互补性超声显示低回声肿块是可压缩。

Methods:Posterior approach enlargement for sacral nerve canala newsurgical procedure to Denis II sacral fracture was used in 11 cases. The blood vessels, sacral nerve of presacral region and piriformis were observed and measured on 26 adult cadaveric specimens.

11例患者行自行设计的&后路骶神经管扩大减压术&，对26具(52侧)成人尸体标本进行骶前孔区血管、神经走行特点的观察，对具有临床意义的数据进行解剖学测量。

Posterior spinal fusion for scoliosis in DMD is associated with a significant decrease in the rate of respiratory decline postsurgery compared with presurgery rates.

结论。与术前相比，DMD患者行后路脊柱融合手术后可以明显降低呼吸功能。

This is the first study to our knowledge to use standardized outcome measures to assess clinical outcome in patients treated with posterior fusion for pseudarthrosis after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion.

据我们所知，这是首次使用标准结果评估后路融合治疗前路椎体切除和融合术后有症状的假关节患者的临床结果。

This is the first study to our knowledge to use standardized outcome measures to assess clinical outcome in patients treated with posterior fusion for pseudarthrosis after anterior cerical discectomy and fusion.

据我们所知，这是首次使用标准结果评估后路融合治疗前路椎体切除和融合术后有症状的假关节患者的临床结果。

There were no pseudoarthrosis and internal fixation failure.

结论畸形的矫正、剃刀背的改善、矫正度的丢失前路和后路相当。

All of the patients were divided into three groups,autologous bone graft in 21 cases,allogous bone graft in 23 cases, autologous bone mixed allogous bone graft in 27 cases. The fusion rate, the Cobb's angle loss rate of incidence and pseudoarthrosis were compared among the three groups at 3,9,15,36 months follow-up.

方法］ 回顾性分析2000年～2005年行后路钉-棒系统矫形手术的71例青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者，其中自体骨移植21例，同种异体骨移植23例，自体骨混合同种异体骨移植27例，比较随访第3、9、15、36个月的融合率、Cobb's角丢失率及假关节发生率。

The surfaces of cut bone were healed at 6 months after operation, without complications of pseudoarticulation formation or correction loss.

但也有学者指出后路椎弓根截骨减压虽然非直视下手术，仍可获得彻底的减压，且矫形的效果更好。

Objective To investigate the effect of posterior pedicle screw instrumentation and determine the impact of alternative surgical strategies to provide guidance for the operation planning. Methods A detailed three-dimensional finite element model of a 40° scoliotic lumbar with pedicle screw instrument were constructed by using the commercial finite element software ANSYS.

目的 通过有限元计算与刚体动力学相结合的方法，模拟后路椎弓根螺钉系统治疗脊柱侧凸的矫形过程，研究矫形过程中的生物力学特性，探讨不同矫形策略对临床结果的影响，为脊柱侧凸的手术规划提供依据。

Lumbarsacral junction tuberculosis treated with this surgical technique can achieve a high satisfactory rate with restoring the spinal stabil ity, arresting the disease early, providing early fusion, correcting the kyphosis and preventing progression of kyphosis particularly if lumbosacral spine tuberculosis is associated with sinus or preoperative diagnosis cannot exclude suppurative spondyl itis.

血常规、血沉、肝肾功正常9 例，2 例肝转氨酶升高。结论前路彻底病灶清除、植骨结合后路器械固定治疗腰骶段脊柱结核具有安全、操作简便、利于恢复脊柱的稳定性、提高植骨融合率、纠正和预防后凸畸形的优点，适用于腰骶段脊柱结核伴窦道及术前诊断尚不能排除化脓性脊椎炎者。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。