后节

Six cadavers were prepared for necroscopy, operative procedure of ILIF were simulated on L3-S1, and all related important anatomic structure and their relationship were observed and record. ILIF with transpedicle screw fixation were also performed with cage insertion.3. Twelve fresh frozen bovine lumbar functional spinal units were prepared for biomechanical testing. According to the different treatment order, the specimens were devided into 7 groups, which included: 1intact specimens, 2specimens were treated by left unilateral facetectomy and had homolateral anatomical threaded cages inserted, 3 TLIF with homolateral pedicle screw fixation, 4 TLIF with bilateral pedicle screw fixation, 5 specimens had anatomical threaded cages inserted on the left by intertransverse process approach, 6 ILIF with homolateral pedicle screw fixation, 7 ILIF with bilateral pedicle screw fixation.

方法1、对20名正常志愿者L3-S1节段进行CT增强+三维重建检查，在三维重建图形上测量横突长度、上下横突间距、椎间孔外椎间隙高度及斜径，观查横突间区域血管走形特点并测量血管内径，然后进行统计分析及评价。2、采用福尔马林固定尸体标本六具，模拟ILIF手术对L3-S1节段进行操作，观察横突间区域重要结构的位置和毗邻关系，并模拟同侧椎弓根钉和单枚椎间融合器的置入过程，探讨该术式存在的问题并改进。3、采用小牛脊柱运动节段标本12具，依序进行不同处理后分为以下7组：⑴正常对照组CG⑵左侧小关节切除+椎间融合器植入组(TLIF⑶TLIF附加同侧椎弓根钉固定组；⑷TLIF附加双侧椎弓根钉固定组；⑸左侧横突间入路椎间融合器植入组ILIF⑹ILIF附加同侧椎弓根钉固定组；⑺ILIF附加双侧椎弓根钉固定组。

After injection of HRP into the cervical trunk of the vagus nerve in the goat, a large number of labelled cells was found in the nodose and jugular ganglia ipsilaterally,however, the labelled cells of the former were much more and denser than that of the later.

为了探讨山羊迷走神经感觉纤维的来源，本文将HRP注入颈迷走神经干后，在结状节出现大量密集的标记细胞，颈静脉节中也有较多的细胞被标记，但其密度和数量远不如结状节。

The results indicate that the longitudinal nerve fibers in cerebral ganglia and a few of small cells in the surface layer of cerebral ganglia present NOS positive reaction. Abundant NOS positive small cells are in the surface layer of pedal ganglia, and abundant transverse positive nerve fibers in the center of pedal ganglia. A large number of transverse positive nerve fibers are in the center of visceral ganglia; abundant positive small cells and nerve fibers are in two anterior lobes; a few of positive small cells and many encircled positive nerve fibers are in the posterior lobe; a large number of radiate positive nerve fibers are in the lateral lobes.

组织化学显示，存在NOS的部位如下：脑神经节内纵行的神经纤维和表层的少量小细胞；足神经节表层的大量小细胞，中央大量水平分布的神经纤维；脏神经节中部大量水平分布的神经纤维，前叶内大量小细胞和神经纤维，后叶内少量小细胞和许多环行神经纤维，侧叶内大量似放射状分布的神经纤维；脑足和脑脏神经索内的神经纤维。

Pods toward1 m long,8-12 cm wide, compressed, septate, with thick sutures; seeds suborbiculate,4-6 cm in diam.

荚果长达1米，宽8-12厘米，扁平，具荚节，边缘增厚，成熟后逐节脱落，每节内有1颗种子；种子暗褐色，有光泽，近圆形，直径4-6厘米。

Two level cervical discectomy and fusion can increase stress in the caudad (C5/6,C6/7) zygapophyseal joint, which may be one of the causes for adjacent cervical spondylosis postoperatively.

颈椎双节段椎间盘摘除融合内固定后邻近下位关节突关节压力增加，可能是多节段颈椎融合术后邻近节段发生退变或退变加速的原因之一

Using the distortion-compensated roentgen analysis method, disc height, dorsoventral displacement, and lordosis were measured in 212 unfused segments from 62 patients, on digitized standing radiographs taken before fusion surgery and after a mean follow-up of 7.5 years (range, 4-11 years).

在标准数字化X光片上，比较术前和术后平均7.5年（4－11年）后62个病人212个未融合节段的椎间盘高度、椎体滑脱及脊柱前凸的情况，可变的影响因素如年齡、随访时间的长度、融合水平、融合节段数、融合节段上下方向和手术前后椎管的改变，用重复测量模型进行分析。

In addition, the location of the apical vertebrae in the scoliotic segment, as usually identified in the coronal plane, may not be the same as that identified in the kyphotic segment when viewed in the sagittal plane.

因此并非所有的Lenke-1型胸弯都是后凸不足，另外，通常由冠状面确定的侧凸节段的顶椎位置和矢状面上后凸节段的确定并非相符。

Results On CT,of 8 cases.Symmetric hypodense areas of bilaleral thalami and internal capsules were fund in 7 cases.symmetric hypodese areas of bilateral basal gangalia were simutaneosly seen in 5 cases.On MRI,of 5 cases,symmetric Long-T1 and long-T2 signals of bilaleral thalami,internal capsules and basal ganglias were fund in all cases;Thrombi were seen in vein of Galen and oringinal of straight sinus in 5 cases in a period of 3～11 day after the disease came on.It were displyed hyperdensity on CT and short-T1 and long-T2 signals on MRI and disppeared in a period of 14～30 days after the diseases came on.

结果 CT表现为双丘脑、双内囊对称性低密度影7例，同时并有双基底节对称性低密度影5例，MRI表现为双丘脑、双内囊及双基底节区对称性长T1、长T2异常信号5例；5例发病后3～11天内于Galen静脉及直窦起始部可见栓子，CT表现为高密度，MR表现为短T1、长T2异常信号，14天后检查栓子消失。

When the spine is focally kyphotic, particularly when there is a fixed kyphosis, or in the presence of anterior compression from a disc protrusion or spondylotic bar at 1 or 2 segments, an anterior surgical decompression (vertebrectomy or multiple discectomies) is indicated.19 Fusion and stabilization by means of an anterior strut and plate is also supported.27

当颈椎处于明显的后凸，尤其是僵硬性后凸，或者颈髓压迫来自前方的1到2个节段的突出椎间盘或椎间关节时，经过前方入路进行减压（椎体切除或多节段椎间盘切除）是合适的。融合固定的方法包括前方支撑和钉板系统固定。

The result showed that plant height decreased significantly (10 to 20 cm) compared with the control under CCC treatment 4628 reduced internode length by 58.2% and 64.8% under CCC and ETH treatment, respectively.

结果表明，矮壮素处理后，燕麦株高比对照降低了10~12 cm；品种4628基部节间受影响最大，矮壮素和乙烯利处理后其倒四节间长度有显著下降，仅为对照的58.2%和64.8%。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。