后肾

Oogonium develops into early oocyte in the ovary, and then the oocyte leaves the ovary for the coelomic fluid in the form of single cell or cell mass followed by the rapid separation of the group of oocytes into individual ones. Oocyte enters into the nephridium after its maturation. The rupture of germinal vesicle marks the oocyte maturation. Oocyte in the coelom does not have follicle membrane and vitelline membrane is formed and developed by the oocyte itself. Smaller oocyte (0μm in diameter) is round, and larger ones (≥60μm in diameter) is ovate. The short and long diameters of a morphologically mature oocyte are about 115—120μm and 140—145μm respectively, and the vitelline membrane is 7—9μm thick.

卵原细胞在卵巢中发育至早期卵母细胞时期单个或成团脱离卵巢入体腔液中，卵母细胞团细胞很快分离为单个细胞；卵母细胞在体腔液中发育成熟后进入肾管；生发泡破裂是卵母细胞成熟的标志；体腔中卵母细胞无滤泡膜，卵黄膜的形成与发育靠卵母细胞本身；卵径小于60μm的卵母细胞呈圆形，卵径大于60μm 的卵母细胞为卵圆形，形态上成熟的卵母细胞短径约115—120μm、长径约140—145μm、卵黄膜厚7—9μm。

Methods Clinical observations were made in 36 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia receiving intensive chemotherapy of HDAraC （10～18g） when they obtained complete remission after induction therapy.

观察大剂量阿糖胞苷总量（10～18g）强化治疗36例诱导缓解后的急性髓性白血病的毒副反应：骨髓抑制、眼毒性、黏膜溃疡、肺损、肝损、肾损、消化道损害等。8%的患者出现肝损害，2.78%的患者出现心脏毒性，11。。。。

Methods Clinical observations were made in 36 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia receiving intensive chemotherapy of HDAraC （10～18g） when they obtained complete remission after induction therapy. Results Reactions of digestive tract such as nausea and vomiting occurred in 69.4% of the patients.

观察大剂量阿糖胞苷总量（10～18g）强化治疗36例诱导缓解后的急性髓性白血病的毒副反应：骨髓抑制、眼毒性、黏膜溃疡、肺损、肝损、肾损、消化道损害等。

Objective: To develop the mechanism of improving protection function of prepared Cornus officinalis for liver and kidney and the biological activity of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(5-HMF).

中文摘要：目的：探讨山茱萸炮制后补肝益肾作用增强的物质基础及5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)的生物活性。

RESULTS: After ischemia-reperfusion injury, the rats had hydrouria, urine osmotic pressure depress, symptoms of carnine and urea nitrogen increasing. HE staining demonstrated that renal tubular epithelial cells were swelling, necrosis, and desquamate. Aquaporin-1 expression and its mRNA level was decreased; in particular, the expression and level were the lowest at day 1 after ischemia-reperfusion injury and recovered to normal value at day 5 after ischemia-reperfusion injury.

结果：大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤后出现尿量增多、尿渗透压降低，血肌苷、尿素氮升高症状；苏木精-伊红染色示肾小管上皮细胞肿胀、坏死、脱落；水通道蛋白表达量及其mRNA含量均较对照组减少，这些变化于缺血再灌注损伤 1 d时最低，至缺血再灌注损伤 5 d时恢复正常。

CNP had an obvious effect of lowering blood pressure and diuresis with intravenous injection.

静注CNP对大鼠有明显的降压和利尿效应，该作用在强度和作用时间上均较ANP弱，双肾切除后，CNP仍有明显的降压效应。

This research expound dogwood liquor system to strengthen and to benefit the liver kidney function the material base and concoction mechanism,this research provide one kind of new thinking and method.

本研究为系统阐明山茱萸酒制后增强补益肝肾作用的物质基础及炮制机理的研究提供一种新的思路与方法。

Methods The designed flow chamber had provided flow shear stress at 0.5, 1 Pa (5 and 10 dyn/cm^2) for a period of 1 h, 3 hand 6 h respectively. Semi-quantitive RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of megalin/cubilin mRNA in cultured renal tubular epithelial cells.

应用流室系统提供0.5、1Pa(5、10 dyn/平方公分)的剪切应力处理培养的肾小管上皮细胞，分别作用1、3、6h后，用RT-PCR法检测megalin/cubilin mRNA的表达。

The effects of commonly used immunosuppressives in renal transplantation on EMT are not known.

肾移植后常见的免疫抑制药物对于EMT的作用尚不知晓。

METHODS: Tum5 gene was amplified from plasmid pSPORT1Sfi by PCR technique and subcloned into the expression plasmid of lentiviral vector, pGCFU, to generate the lentiviral expression vector, pGCFUTum5. The correct Tum5 gene was confirmed by endoenzyme digestion and sequencing. Recombinant lentiviruses were produced by 293T cells following the cotransfection of pGCFU Tum5 and packaging plasmids-pHelper1.0and pHelper2.0. The resulting recombinant lentiviruses (GCFUTum5) which carried Tum5 and EGFPgene were then used to infect human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

采用PCR技术从含有tumstatin基因的质粒克隆模板 pSPORT1Sfi钓取Tum5基因，并将基因克隆到慢病毒载体表达质粒pGCFU中，构建慢病毒载体表达质粒pGCFUTum5，通过酶切、测序验证Tum5基因后，将pGCFUTum5质粒和包装质粒pHelper1.0，pHelper2.0共同转染人胚胎肾上皮细胞系293T细胞，获得携带Tum5基因和EGFP基因的重组慢病毒GCFUTum5，并转染靶细胞人脐静脉血管内皮细胞。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。