后肾

Wilms" tumor is one of the most common solid tumors in children, and the genesis of Wilms" tumor is believed to be associated with delayed differentiation of metanephric blastema in fetus and retaining proliferation in postnatal period.

肾母细胞瘤（Wilms tumor， WT）是儿童最常见的实体瘤之一，其发病与后肾胚基细胞分化受阻并在出生后继续增殖有关。

Results Growth and differentiation occurred and mature renal corpuscle emerged for seperated metanephroi by both histoculture and transplantation.

供体后肾肾小体出现之前是移植的最佳时间；后肾移植物内的毛细血管袢是由其自身的间质细胞分化而来的。

We also have observed some organs pathological changes of juvenile Jian Carp, such as pancreas acinous gland and zymogen granules of acinous gland cell disappearing, intercellular substance hyperplasia and inflammatory cells soakage, hepatatrophia, liver cell granular or vacuolar degeneration and necrosis, karyolysis or pyknosis, glycogen granules decreasing, metanephros atrophy, metanephric canaliculus epithelium granular or vacuolar degeneration and necrosis, mitochondrion swelling and mitochondrion cristae disappearing, karyolysis, distal convolutal tubule microvilli desquamating, spleen marrow cell degeneration and necrosis, intercellular substance of spleen hyperplasia, spleen atresia, blood corpuscle disappearing.

后肾土黄色、淡褐色或苍白色，肾小管上皮细胞肿胀、颗粒或水泡变性、坏死，细胞内有大量血细胞流出，线粒体肿胀，嵴结构消失，细胞核溶解，肾间质甲状腺滤泡和拟淋巴细胞增生，远曲小管微绒毛脱落、管道细胞界限不清。心脏肌纤维肿胀、颗粒或空泡变性，严重的肌纤维溶解、变细或断裂，肌纤维间水肿、炎性细胞浸润，部分心肌细胞核浓缩。脾脏暗褐色，脾髓质细胞变性、坏死，拟淋巴细胞明显减少，淋巴细胞岛少见、岛中细胞成份减少，黑素巨噬细胞中心减少、体积缩小，脾脏网状基质水肿，脾窦闭锁，血细胞减少。

The development of the kidney, the major excretory organ after birth, consists of 3 stages: the pronephros, mesonephros and metanephros.

肾脏是人体主要的排泄器官，它的发育经过原肾、中肾、后肾3个阶段。

The second of the three excretory organs that develop in a vertebrate embryo,becoming the functioning kidney in fish and amphibians but replaced by the metanephros in higher vertebrate s.

中肾在脊椎动物胚胎内发育而成的三对排泄器官中的第二对，作为功能肾存在于鱼类和两栖类体内，但在更高级的脊椎动物中则发育成后肾

Vitamin C deficiency coursed hepatopancreas, heart, spleen, gonad and metanephros growth decreasing.

结果说明：维生素C缺乏会引起幼建鲤体色变黑、鳍基部出血、鳍条糜烂、脊柱侧凸、尾部明显弯曲等明显的症状；导致幼建鲤肝胰脏、心脏、脾脏、性腺、后肾生长受阻和肝胰脏、后肾、脾脏和心脏等器官出现病理变化，引起其组织细胞结构破坏。

The subcapsular transplantation of MMCs can ameliorate renal function and repair kidney injury.

肾包膜下移植胚胎后肾间充质细胞能够修复损伤的肾脏，改善肾功能。

Sham group was subjected with only anesthetization and laparotomy but not ischemia.

结果： 1。组织病理学观察：肾缺血再灌注损伤后肾小管上皮细胞形态和肾小管结构发生明显的病理改变。

This result indicates that WT1 gene plays an important role in differentiation and development of fetal kidney and may be the factor that promotes metanephric blastemal cell to differentiate into epithelial cell.

结果显示小胎龄肾组织中WT1蛋白在胚基细胞和幼稚肾小球细胞核表达而大胎龄组肾组织中WT1在肾小管细胞胞浆表达，阳性率分别为57.1％(8/14)和46.2%(6/13)，提示WT1基因在胚胎肾分化发育的过程中起着重要作用，WT1蛋白可能是促进后肾胚基细胞向上皮细胞分化的调控因子，其表达在时间上和空间上都受到严格的调控，WT1的表达异常可能导致胚基细胞分化停滞。17例肾母细胞瘤WT1蛋白表达阳性率为41.2%(7/17)，阳性部位在胚基型和上皮型肿瘤细胞核，表达部位和阳性率与早期胚胎肾相似，其中间质型肾母细胞瘤均为阴性，胚基型和上皮型肾母细胞瘤阳性率70%(7/10)，两组间阳性率有显著差异。

Three Cases with hydronephrosis were located in left kindey, and 3 cases in bilateral kidneys. Of 5 kidneys in 4 cases of ureteropelvic junction obstruction, Anderson-Heny's procedure was performed in 4 kidneys, and nephrectomy was performed in 1 hydronephrotic kidney because the renal function had lost. Cohen's procedure was performed in all 3 individual hydronephrotic kidneys in 2 cases.

病因及治疗：肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻4例5只肾，4只肾做了Anderson-Heny's手术，1只肾无功能行肾切除术；2例3只肾为巨输尿管症，均行Cohen's法输尿管膀胱移植术，其中1例合并膀胱重复畸形，手术中同时行共同壁切除；l例出生后肾积水渐减轻，未特殊处理，正在随访中。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。