后者

After the boll weevil infestation, urban Black workers faced competition from the continuing influx of both Black and White rural workers, who were driven to undercut the wages formerly paid for industrial jobs.

棉铃虫害之后，城市黑人工人面临了来自黑人和白人工人持续涌入的竞争，后者被迫削减以前所从事工作的工资。

With the mention of the ghosts occurring in the traditional Chinese culture, it goes on to analyze the ghost images appearing in Amy Tan's novels in two categories, i.e., those on literal level, such as the ghosts stories told by Kwan in The Hundred Secret Senses, and the ghost lore in the family scenarios of Luth Luyi in The Bonesetter's Daughter, as well as those on figurative level, including the mention of ghosts by An-mei Hsu in The Joy Luck Club and the two spirit examples and Gan in The Kitchen God's Wife.

本章首先论述了传统中国文化中的一些与鬼有关的概念，继而分析了谭恩美小说中两种分类的鬼形象，即真实意义的鬼，以及比喻意义的鬼。前者包括《一百个神秘感觉》中邝所讲的鬼故事以及《接骨师的女儿》中鲁斯家族史中的鬼的故事；后者包括《喜福会》中苏安梅提及的鬼和《灶神之妻》中的两个灵魂形象。

The young critics favor critical explore relates to the artistic form and the old critics make a good success of the practice in folkloric criticism, anthropologic criticism, mythic archetypes criticism, psychoanalytic criticism, new criticism, book reviewing, etc.

沈从文、李健吾的创作式批评张扬批评的想象性，重视读者的地位；朱光潜、李长之的知识型批评讲究各艺术品类的通约性，是新文学话语产生的理论源泉；梁宗岱、叶功超的对话型批评引进了一些"新批评"，也将中国文学精华译介到西方，创造了新的文学生态环境，一定程度上改变了人们看现代文学的方式；林徽因的批评张扬了批评的"女性"意识：新老京派都在新批评方面有所探索：前者侧重于与艺术形式有关的批评探索：后者则在民俗学批评、人类学批评、"神话一原型"批评、精神分析学批评、英美新批评、书评等的实践方面成绩显著。

Dassler sent John Boulter to London to run an eye over fresh-faced super-salesman Patrick Nally who was making a name for himself persuading companies to sponsor sports and pay for coaching in return for good publicity.

达斯勒派约翰鲍尔特到伦敦接触帕特里克奈利，后者可是一个天才推销员，他说服多家公司通过赞助体育运动和培训项目来提高公众知名度，因而名声大振。

If this thesis is correct, then one can quite clearly see why the bourgeois class struggle dominates the proletarian class struggle from the outset and why the proletarian class struggle has needed so long to take shape and to find its own forms of existence, why the class struggle is fundamentally unequal, why it is not conducted using the same practices on the part of the bourgeoisie and the proletariat and why the bourgeoise has engendered forms in the ideological state apparatuses, whose task it is to preempt the revolutionary action of the working class and to subordinate this class.

如果这个论题是正确的，那么人们可以非常清晰地看到为什么资产阶级的阶级斗争从一开始就支配着无产阶级的阶级斗争，无产阶级的阶级斗争为什么需要那么长的时间才能成形并找到自身的存在方式，为什么阶级斗争从根本上是不平衡的，为什么对于资产阶级和无产阶级来说，不能运用相同的实践去进行阶级斗争，为什么资产阶级（原文是bourgeoise，意为资产阶级妇女，疑为bourgeoisie之误）也在意识形态国家机器当中构造了诸种斗争形式，后者的任务就是预先取代工人阶级的革命行动并让这一阶级服从于它。

Two brachiopod assemblage zones have been established for the first time in the Laka Formation of this area; they are the Choristites xainzaensis-Eomarginifera assemblage zone and Neospirifer kubeiensis-Fusispirifer plicatus-Stepanoviella assemblage zone.

首次在拉嘎组内建立了2个腕足类生物组合带，即Choristites xainzaensis—Eomarginifern组合带和Meospirifer kubeiensis—Fusispirifer plicatus-Stepanoviella组合带，前者的时代为晚石炭世早期，后者为早二叠世，大致与萨克马尔-阿丁斯克（Sakanarian—Artinskian）相当。

The latter held that Secularism is based simply on the study of nature and has nothing to do with religion, while Bradlaugh claimed that Secularism should start with the disproof of religion.

后者认为，政教分离是基于简单的研究的性质和完全不与宗教，而布拉德洛声称政教分离应该开始与反证的宗教。

Owing to differences between Bradlaugh and Holyoake, the latter withdrew from "The National Reformer," started the publication of "The Secular World and Social Economist"(1862-64), and in 1883 of "The Present Day".

由于分歧布拉德洛和holyoake ，后者退出，"国家的改革者，"开始发表的"世俗世界和社会经济学家"（ 1862年至1864年），并在1883年"本节"。

In 1861 the publication of the latter was discontinued, and Holyoake founded "The Counsellor" which later on, was merged with Bradlaugh's "National Reformer".

在1861年出版，后者中断，和holyoake成立"辅导员"，稍后，合并布拉德洛的"国家的改革者"。

The latter were growing in wealth and influence, and many of them were searching for alternative forms of religious activity that would give them a more significant role than did orthodox Brahmanism or that would be less expensive to support.

后者使得财富和影响力在增长。他们中的很多人都在为宗教活动寻求一种替换制度，使得他们比在传统的婆罗门宗教里面扮演更重要的角色，或者是可以花费更小的开支去支持。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。