后纵隔的

Objective To evaluate the classification and surgical management of "dumbbell tumor" in mediastinum and spinal in children.

目的探讨小儿后纵隔椎管肿瘤的分型和手术方式，以提高对该病的认识及疗效。

Methods The complete CT data of 63 patients were selected from 85 postoperative patients with mediastinal teratoma confirmed pathologically.

从手术后病理证实为纵隔畸胎瘤的85例病人中选择CT资料完整者63例，均经CT平扫和增强扫描。

Methods: There were 10 cases in our study, male 6 cases and female 4cases, average age 35 years old. AU the patients suffered from multiple chronic sinus in prothorax wail during die therapy of the thoracic and cardiovascular diseases, treated with single ro compound muscular flap wafting operation.

2003年9月～2005年9月采用单一或复合肌瓣移植治疗外科换药无法治愈的前胸壁多发性慢性窦道10例，发病原因均为DVR心瓣膜置换术、纵隔肿瘤切除术等心胸疾病外科治疗后。

Mediastinal seminoma is a common mediastinal tumor. It is able to get better results when the seminoma resected actively after determining the diagnosis.

纵隔生殖细胞瘤是常见的纵隔肿瘤，诊断后积极手术治疗可获得较好的结果。

Methods 32 cases of diffused pigmented villonodular synovitis were treated by arthroscopic total synovectomy, using routine anterior approach, combined with posteromedial, posterolateral and trans-posterior-septal approach.

方法1999年1月～2001年12月，对32例膝关节弥漫性色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎，在常规关节镜入路的基础上，结合膝关节后内侧、后外侧和跨后纵隔入路，进行滑膜全切。

Materials and Math- ods: CT and MRI findings of 7 cases with ganglioneuroma and 2 case with ganglioneuroblastoma proved by operation and pathology were analysed retrospectively.

目的：分析后纵隔神经节细胞瘤和神经节神经母细胞瘤的CT和MRI表现及其诊断。

The enhancement scanning showed clearly the vascular structure of mediastinum and hilus of the lungs. There...

增强冠扫后可使纵隔肺门的血管结构清晰地显影，因此能区分脂肪过多症，囊性或血管性病变而明确诊断。

The fistula could be diagnosed correctly when the patient suffered high fever, dyspnea and thoracalgia after operation, with cervical anastomotic external fistula which could not been healed when the wound was opened, X-ray-showed widened mediastinum and hydropneumothorax, and drainage, esophagoraphy and CT-confirmed anastomotic fistula.

当出现术后突发的高热、呼吸困难、胸痛，合并颈部吻合口外漏，经敞开后病情无好转，X线见纵隔影增宽，液气胸，经口服美蓝，食管造影和CT检查发现吻合口内瘘入纵隔或胸腔即可确诊。

Resujts:① The distribution of lesions are mostly symmetrical, extensive, predominant in the middle and lower lung fields, and posterior areas in peripheral;② There are so many HRCT findings of lung, ILD is predominant: intralobular interstitial thickening 46 cases (100%), ground-glass opacity 41 cases (89.13%), peribronchovascular or centrilobular interstitial thickening 40 cases (86.96%), interlobular septal thickening 38 cases (82.61%), irregular linear opacity 37 cases (80.43%), small nodular opacity 34 cases (73.91%), subpleural line 27 cases (58.70%), bmnchiectasis or bronchiolectasis 19 cases (41.30%), patch opacity 18 cases (39.13%), expiratory mosaic sign 15 cases (32.61%), interface sign 14 cases (30.43%), honeycombing 12 cases (26.09%), emphysema or bulla 3 cases, cystic airspace suspected 1 case, and atelectasis suspected 1 case;③ Mediastinum and pleura: multiple small lymphonodi in mediastinum 41 cases (89.13%), pleural thickening or rough 38 cases (82.61%), esophagoectasis 11 cases (23.91%), unilateral little pleural fluid 1 case, and mediastinal emphysema 1 case.

结果：①皮肌炎肺部病变分布呈对称、广泛、偏中下、偏外后的特点；②肺部HRCT表现多样，以肺间质性改变为主：小叶内间质增厚46例(100%)，磨玻璃影41例(89.13%)，支气管血管束增宽或小叶核心增大40例(86.96%)，小叶间隔增厚38例(82.61%)，不规则纤维索条影37例(80.43%)，结节影34例(73.91%)，胸膜下线27例(58.70%)，支气管或细支气管扩张19例(41.30%)，斑片影18例(39.13%)，呼气相马赛克征15例(32.61%)，界面征14例(30.43%)，蜂窝影12例(26.09%)，肺气肿或肺大泡3例，单纯囊状气腔1例，肺不张l例；③纵隔及胸膜：纵隔小淋巴结影41例(89.13%)，胸膜增厚或毛糙38例(82.61%)，食管扩张11例(23.91%)，单侧少量性胸腔积液1例，纵隔气肿1例。

Results Among 94 cases, 79 cases who were preoperatively diagnosed with unknown mediastinal mass or lymphadenopathy by chest Computer tomography did not obtain the pathological cell by bronchoscopy, sputum cytology or percutaneous pneumocentesis biopsy, by SCM, 74 cases obtained the pathological diagnosis, while the other 5 cases did not obtain the pathological diagnosis.

结果 其中79例CT显示不明原因的纵隔肿物或纵隔淋巴结肿大，且纤维支气管镜和痰脱落细胞学或经皮肺穿刺未找到病理细胞，纵隔镜检查后74例获得病理诊断，5例未获病理明确。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。