后生动物

The metazoans in the Wenghui Biota had radiate symmetrical animals, including Porifera, Ctenophora, Cnidaria, and Trilobozoas, and bilateral symmetrical animals, including Annelida and possible Mollusca.

瓮会生物中宏体后生动物有海绵类、栉水母类、刺胞类和三叶类等两胚层辐射对称动物以及环节类和可能的软体类等三胚层两侧对称动物。

The Wenghui biota, which is found in the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in Northeast Guizhou, is composed mainly of macroalgae (18 species of 15 genera, one unnamed macroalgae, and macroalgal holdfast forms described herein), and contains macroscopic metazoan, putative metazoan and trace fossils. This biota not only contains some elements of the Miaohe biota from West Hubei, the Lantian flora from South Anhui, the Ediacara fauna in Australia, and the White Sea biota in Russia, but also has its own characters to distinguish other Ediacaran biota.

产自于黔东北伊迪卡拉系陡山沱组的瓮会生物群生活环境应在贫氧的、透光性良好的浅海低能环境，以宏体藻类为主，共描述15属18种（其中包括3个新属、5个新种、2个修定属和4个修定种）和1个未命名藻以及不明藻类固着器，另包含有宏体后生动物，可能的后生动物以及遗迹化石。

Studies to estimate the origin time of the Metazoa using molecular data have been steadily increasing in recent years.

后生动物是起源于"寒武纪大爆发"还是经历了一个相对较长的前寒武时期一直是动物进化史上的不解之谜。

The appearance and subsequent diversification of biomineralization in Metazoa have long been a puzzle for geologists and palaeobiologists. Various hypotheses have been proposed, but none seems to be satisfying.

后生动物骨骼化是地质历史时期最重要的生命创新事件之一，后生动物是何时，以何种方式形成了最早的骨骼，骨骼化的动因是什么，一直是地学界难解之迷。

Therefore, the appearance of macroscopic algae not only improved the environment and played an essential support for the growth and propagation of the metazoan which depended on oxygen, but also provided a new food source that served as a new basis in the ecosystem for metazoans evolution and development.

因此，陡山沱期的宏体植物不仅改善了环境，为依赖一定氧而生活、生长和繁殖的后生动物给予了必要的支持，而且作为生态系统中的必要基础，为宏体后生动物的快速发展和演化提供了一个新的食物源。

These results indicate that oxylipin biosynthetic genes were present in the last common ancestor of plants and animals, but were subsequently lost in all metazoan lineages except Placozoa, Cnidaria and Cephalochordata.

另外，比较研究表明，羟脂生物合成基因存在于植物和动物的最后共同祖先中，但在演化过程中在除少数几个后生动物分支以外的所有动物身上都丢失了。

Rotifer, wireworm exist in zoogloea at salt concentrations of 10000 mg/L while protozoa and metazoan disappeared when calcium chloride concentration is 30000 mg/L.

菌胶团中的微生物种类随着盐度的升高而减少，在盐度为10000mg/L时，有轮虫、线虫多种原生动物和后生动物，当盐度为30000mg/L时，菌胶团中的原生动物和后生动物消失。

Bryozoa is an important group of metazoan animals which has received relatively little attention regarding their origin, phylogenetic relationship with other metazoan phyla and its internal phylogeny.

苔藓动物是后生动物中的一个重要类群。然而，和其它主要后生动物类群相比，长期以来对它的系统学研究却相对滞后。其起源、系统发生地位以及与其它后生动物门类之间、其内部各高级分类群间的谱系发生关系一直存在争议。

From the development of the Carboniferous reefs, the metazoan framework reefs and the reefs dominated by microbes and calcareous algae may be two parallelling evolution reef ecosystems. The development of the metazoan framework reefs after the extinction event reflects an obvious evolutionary lag time. The recovery of the reef-building communities dominated by microbes and calcareous algae became faster after the extinction event.

从石炭纪整个生物礁的发展情况来看，后生动物骨架礁与以微生物和钙藻为主导的生物礁或许是两个平行发展的礁系统，后生动物骨架礁的发展在大规模生物灭绝事件之后有明显的演化滞后现象，以钙藻和微生物为主导的造礁群落的复苏在生物灭绝事件之后更为迅速。

The numerous macro-plants during the Doushantuoian were branching and semi-floated and erected on seafloor. They advanced the photosynthetic efficiency and increase oxygen in water to improve in environment for metazoans; and they served as a primary producer in the paleoecosystem to provide an alternative and new food of metazoan.

陡山沱期的宏体藻类多分枝并直立固着于海底，提高了光合作用的效率，增加了海中水体中的含氧量，不仅改善了环境，为依赖一定氧而生活、生长和繁殖的后生动物给予了必要的支持，而且作为生态系统中的必要基础，为宏体后生动物的快速发展和演化提供了一个新的食物源。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。