后现代主义

It distinguishes between the avant-gardism,Modernism and Postmodernism, and points out the "silent" feature of the avant-garde literature, highlights Hassans uniqueness among the postmodern theorists.

主要阐述先锋派、现代主义和后现代主义的区别，先锋派文学的"沉默"特征，"沉默"文学内在含义等，突显哈桑在后现代理论家中的独树一帜。

During the decipherment of Erika"s identity, the author puts in question the Oedipus complex, the proportion of masculinity/ femininity in gender construction and the function of language in the release of Erika"s desires.

作为女性主义研究的课题之一，"身份"问题在后现代主义中找到了新的活力，并发展成为女性主义摆脱长久以来父权下桎梏和约束的有力切入点。

American literature includes the Early American Literature - Puritanism and Didacticism, the 19 - century American Literature - Romanticism, Realism and Naturalism, and the 20 - century American Literature - Medernism and Post - Modernism.

美国文学包括早期美国文学──清教主义和启蒙主义；19世纪美国文学──浪漫主义，现实主义和自然主义；20世纪美国文学──现代主义和后现代主义。

She argued that canonical feminist understandings of gender and sexuality institutionalized by"post"theories, such as poststructuralism, postcolonialism, postmodernism, and postmarxism, were strategies for bypassing questions of labor and capital.

她认为，在当代，无论哪种冠之以"后"的理论，如后结构主义、后殖民主义、后现代主义以及后马克思主义，在对性和性别的说明上采取的策略都是回避劳动和资本问题。

It covers most of the important theoretical paradigms developed in the twentieth century, including neo-Marxism, structuralism, poststructuralism, psychoanalysis, postmodernism, postcolonialism and feminism. Through the selected readings, it analyzes how different schools define the task of literary interpretation and discusses their strengths, achievements, and limitations.

科目内容包括了大部分在二十世纪出现的主要理论范式，如新马克思主义、结构主义、后结构主义、心理分析、后现代主义、后殖民主义，以及女性主义等，并通过所选资料，分析各个学派对文学诠释的不同观点，讨论它们的贡献、影响和局限。

Beginning with existential phenomenotogy and humanistic geography, the book covers radical geography and Marxism, structuralism, structuration theory, realism, locality studies, various streams of poststructuralism and postmodernism, and feminism.

例如存在主义现象学、人本主义地理学、激进主义地理学、马克思主义、结构主义、结构理论、现实主义、地方性研究、后结构主义、后现代主义，以及女权主义。

Defenders of Westernism have rebelled against multiculturalism, feminism, postmodernism, and the sociology of science in defense of traditions from Greek philosophy and Christianity to Elizabethan drama and modern science that they claim hold universal truths and values.

西方论的捍卫者抵制多元文化主义、女权主义，以及后现代主义，抵御来自从希腊哲学和基督教，到伊丽莎白舞台剧和现代科学的科学社会学声称拥有普遍的真理和价值。

"Each of the three operas of this 'portrait' trilogy has its own distinctive sound world. Einstein on the Beach, an opera about a great mathematician who loved music, is for amplified ensemble and small chorus singing a text compromised of numbers (actually the beats of the music) and solfege syllables. Satyagraha, a work about one man leading his people to freedom, is a large choral opera with text taken directly from Gandhi's philosophical guidebook (the Bhagavad-Gita) in the actual language in which he read it. In Akhnaten, my emphasis is orchestral, with choral and solo voices sharing common ground with the orchestra."

20世纪最具开创性和影响力的后现代主义作曲家、'低极限主义'音乐的奠基人之一Philip Glass的歌剧《Einstein on the Beach》被称作20世纪音乐创作的里程碑，它和《Satyagraha》（甘地，非暴力不合作主义）、《Akhnaten》（阿赫那吞，公元前14世纪的古埃及王）构成了Philip Glass的歌剧三部曲——其中分别用Einstein、Gandhi和Akhnaten这三位曾经革新了他们时代科学、政治和宗教思想观念的人物隐喻地对人类真实世界中的意识形态进行了审视和深思。

But in the thoughts of today china, all the culture climates coming form the Western will impact with Marxism. So the relationship of Marxism and Postmodernism must be rescanned.

由于这两个术语(在十足的后现代的意义上)装载着整个大众的想象，&马克思主义&已经被理解为列宁和苏维埃革命时期泛黄的老照片，而&后现代主义&则是豪华的大酒店。

The paper firstly examines the philosophical background. It holds that philosophical currents such as phenomenology and existentialism have an effect on this theory to some degree, and then traces the inner logic of origin and development of the theory from post-modernism and "anti-cultural" trend. Afterwards, it generalizes several important post-modern theorists such as Alain Robbe-Grillet, Roland Barthes, Susan Sontag, Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, Gilles Deleuze, Jean Baudrillard and so on. The paper proposes that "against-interpretation" is not only a literary critical claim, but also a cultural theory. Its attitude that overthrows and rebells tradition makes it inevitably tend towards the logic of deconstruction.Chapter two, chapter three and chapter four analyze in detail of Robbe-Grillet, sontag and Baudrillard respectively, and systematicly discuss the aesthetics pursuit and the cultural significance of the theory against interpretation through comparing the thoughts of them.

论文首先对反阐释理论产生的哲学背景作了辨析，认为现象学和存在主义哲学思潮在某种程度上对反阐释理论产生了一定的影响；再从60年代之后，后现代主义对现代性的批判与美国的&反文化&潮流两方面追寻反阐释理论产生与发展的内在逻辑；然后又概括介绍了阿兰·罗伯—格里耶、罗兰·巴尔特、苏珊·桑塔格、米歇尔·福科、雅克·德里达、吉尔·德勒兹、让·博德里亚等几位对反阐释理论发生过重要影响的后现代大家，指出&反对阐释&不只是一种文学批评主张，还是一种文化批判理论，它对传统的颠覆与反叛姿态使它不可避免地走向了&解构主义&的逻辑。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。