后椎体

Methods Seven cadaveric spinal specimens were measured of neutrol zoneand range of motionin 6 movements including anteflexion,retroflexion,left and right lateral flexion,left and right axial rotation.

测试前屈、后伸、左侧弯、右侧弯、左旋转、右旋转的中性区(neutral zone，NZ)和运动范围(range of motion，ROM)。程序：完整状态；②骨折后状态；③椎体成形后；④3000次循环疲劳后。结果骨折后中性区和运动范围均明显增大。椎体成形后屈伸、侧弯、旋转在NZ及ROM均明显减少。

On an average, the range of the motion of augmented vertebral boody was reduced by l8％(from 0.475mm to 0.394mm) under physical load.

移位场变化：〓椎体增强后，在生理负荷作用下，增强后移位为0.394mm，未增强前平均移位约为0.475mm，即增强后使椎体移位下降18％（0.475mm—0.394mm）。

The diagnostic features for the species include deep excavation on the posteroventral margin of the premaxilla, a diastema between the premaxillary and maxillary teeth, a a number of many pits and ridges on the anterolateral surface of the antorbital fossa, the posterolateral process of the parietal being long and sharply posteriorly directed, the column ar -like margin of the pterygoid process of the quadrate, the bifurcated posterior margin of the dentary, a distinctive groove posterior to the anterior carina on the medial surface of the premaxillary tooth crowns, absence of ventrolateral processes on intercentrum of t he atlas, T-shaped centrum of the first caudal in ventral view, transverse process on anterior caudals with rounded , and strongly anteroposteriorly expanded distal end, presence of two fossae separated by an oblique ridge on the lateral side of the anterior chevrons near the articular end, and pubis strongly curved psoteriorly.

这一属种的主要鉴定特征包括：前上颌骨后腹缘有一深凹、前上颌齿和上颌齿之间有一齿缺、眶前窝外表面前部有许多坑窝和脊、顶骨侧后突伸向后方、方骨的翼骨支边缘柱状、靠近前上颌齿齿冠舌面前缘有槽、环椎间椎体外腹突缺失、第一尾椎椎体腹视 T 形、前部尾椎横突远端前后向强烈扩展呈圆形、前部脉弧近端外侧面有两个被一斜脊分离的窝以及耻骨强烈向后弯曲。通过分析千禧中国鸟龙的96个骨骼学特征，发现其中21个特征支持奔龙类与鸟类的亲缘关系最近，9个特征支持奔龙类与伤齿龙类亲缘关系最近，25个特征支持奔龙类、伤齿龙类和鸟类亲缘关系较为接近。

RESULTS: Of 49 affected vertebras in 33 cases, 43 were one-off successful, and 5 cases died of tumor metabasis. Finally, 43 vertebras were included in final analysis.

结果： 33例49个椎体中有43个椎体经皮球囊后凸椎体成形均一次成功。5例因肿瘤全身转移死亡。43个锥体进入结果分析。

Methods:Three-dimensional(3D) CT imaging reconstruction was performed in 200case of cervical spine without radicular symptom and injury.C_3-C_7 vertebral body horizontal diameter, sagittal diameter,high.vertebral gap.pedicle vertical diameter and horizontal diameter,coronary high,base long of vertebral uncus,space between vertebral uncus point.highness and width of intervertebral foramenand,transverse foramen,The CT data was transferred to a computer workstation,grouping with age and sex,statistical analysis.

材料与方法：选取200名不同年龄段无外伤、无神经症状和体征的受检者，进行多排螺旋CT薄层扫描，在计算机工作站上对获得图像进行多平面重建，获得相应截面图后，测量各相关指标，包括第3至第7颈椎(C_3-C_7)椎体横径、矢状径及高，椎体间隙，椎弓根的高与宽，冠状位钩突高度、钩突基底宽度、基底长、两侧钩突尖间距及基底长径角度，椎间孔高和宽，横突孔长和宽。按性别、年龄分组进行统计学分析。

Results The pathogenesis pathology of lumbar spinal canal stenosis:Lumbar posterior marginal cartilage node (67 cases,44.67%);Intervertebral disc calcification (45 cases,30%);Lumbar posterior marginal osteophytic formation(29 cases,19.33%);Post longitudinal ligaments calcification(9 cases,6%).

回顾性分析腰椎椎体后缘骨质异常致椎管狭窄150例的临床表现及CT所见。结果：椎体后缘软骨结节(67例，占44.67%)；椎间盘钙化(45例，占30%)；椎体后缘骨质增生(29例，占19.33%)；后纵韧带骨化(9例，占6%)。

Methods Percutaneously guiding instrument was used on 13 patients with T8一L5 osteoporotic vertebrae compressive fractures,5 of which were male and age varied from 62 to 76 years od.

对13 例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折病人行球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术时应用经皮椎体穿刺定位导向装置，其中男性5 例，女性8 例，T8 1 例，T9 1 例，T12 3 例，L1 4 例，L2 1 例，L3、L4、L5各1 例。

After pedicle screw and rod system was placed, a bone block harvested from the posterosuperior iliac with a circular saw with diameter of 1.2 centmeter was implanted into the intervertebral space.

椎弓根钉棒系统固定后，用直径1.2 cm环锯在髂后上棘上端髂嵴处取髂骨植入椎间隙，然后调整钉棒系统，使其椎间隙适当缩小，植入椎体间及嵌入封口的髂骨块挤压牢固后，将钉棒系统固定。

A new version of Vertebroplasty, Kyphoplasty actually realigns the kyphosis of fractured vertebra before injecting the bone filler.

新版本的椎体成形术，椎体后凸成形术，其实realigns后凸畸形椎体骨折前，注入骨填料。

Now, in recent years, beside of many kinds of anti-osteoporosis drugs to treat this kind of disease, also many doctors use some tiny-trauma ways to treat it, such as vertebroplasty which use needle punch through pedicles and inject bone cement into compressed vertebras, and kyphoplasty which use a balloon to lift the compressed vertebras.

目前对于中老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折的治疗，除了相应的抗骨质疏松药物治疗以外，近年来国内外应用微创的办法通过椎弓根穿刺注射骨水泥对难治性疼痛性胸腰椎压缩骨折进行治疗即所谓的椎体成形术2和气囊扩张后的后凸成形术3。

Lugalbanda was a god and shepherd king of Uruk where he was worshipped for over a thousand years.

Lugalbanda 是神和被崇拜了一千年多 Uruk古埃及喜克索王朝国王。

I am coming just now,' and went on perfuming himself with Hunut, then he came and sat.

我来只是现在，'歼灭战perfuming自己与胡努特，那麼，他来到和SAT 。