后效

And introduces the structure and operational principle of QLZ87AGL made in china which has been armed by our army. Based on the classical interior ballistics and weapon gas dynamics theory, a mathematics model of the interior ballistics and gas system is established.

运用经典内弹道、武器气体动力学和自动武器系统动力学理论建立了榴弹发射器在发射过程中的内弹道、后效期、导气装置的气体动力学模型和机构二自由度的动力学模型。

The results showed that the series of parameters for the same sample can be used to describe different magnetization processes, and the same series of parameters used in calculating hysteresis loop and magnetic aftereffect have unified the magnetic hysteresis and magnetic aftereffect phenomena.

研究结果表明对于同一种材料，模拟出的一套参数基本上可以反应不同的磁化过程，参数不仅可以很好地再现各种磁化规律，并把磁滞和磁后效进行了统一。

The magnetic hysteresis and aftereffect have been measured and simulated by the Preisach hysteresis model of Fe_3O_4 nano-particles and _5Ta multilayer films.

利用Preisach磁滞模型模拟研究了Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒和_5Ta多层膜的磁滞和磁后效行为。

It elaborates the multistage dynamic programming model of section decisive process optimization problem, and usually the essential f actor that contained. It be given two prerequisites of problem that may solve with dynamic programming" the optimum son-structure with no rear effect ".

阐述了一个多阶段决策过程最优化问题的动态规划模型通常包含的要素，给出了一个用"动态规划"可以解决问题的两个先决条件："最优子结构"与"无后效性"。

Chapter 1, introduction, which summarizes the literature and the development about the theory and application of stochastic DP and multiobjective DP, views the two basic concepts of DP which are optimality principle and Markvian.

第一章导言，综述了动态规划主要是随机动态规划和多目标动态规划的发展及现状，评述了动态规划中两个基本概念"无后效性"和"最优化原理"。

Then, we focus on the principal—agent relationships in a general firm organization to analyze (1) monitoring and incentives under different conditions;(2) impacts of the multiperiod agency and aftereffectiveness of actions on the incentive mechanism;(3) monitoring and incentives in teams;(4) the hierarchical structure of a firm and collusions in the hierarchical management system of the firm.

然后，以企业组织中的委托代理关系为背景，详细分析了(1)在不同情形下对代理人的监督与激励；(2)多阶段代理与行为的后效性对激励机制的影响；(3)团队中的监督与激励问题；(4)企业的层级结构及企业层级管理系统中的串谋行为。

Problems existed in the course of evidence retrieval, appraisal, and reevaluation.

我国临床各科室在对患者服务时不同程度地使用了循证决策的方法，但在循证决策过程中的证据检索、证据评价和后效评价环节尚存在一些问题，说明医生的信息素质偏低、缺乏循证医学知识。

Accordingly, it is known that slip forming concrete is the elasto-viscous and plastic material mainly having strain-softening characteristic, and there are elastic deformation, rigid slide, elastic after-effect, delayed elastic deformation, stress relaxtion, creep and plastic-viscous flow in its rheological process.

据此得知：滑模成型混凝土是以应变软化为主的弹粘塑性材料，其流变过程中将产生弹性变形、刚性滑移、弹性推迟、弹性后效、应力松弛、蠕变和塑粘流动。

Through the reaseach about process make clear: Compacting slowly and equally as common single-action pressing, also can produce good anvil compact. Pattern about ejection process gradually with 0.5mm/sec and top punch hold down can avoid compact crack by spring back.

工艺研究表明：普通单向压制时缓慢而匀速地加压，可制备出质量较好的顶锤压坯，在脱模时以预负荷和≤0.5毫米/秒的渐开模方式可避免弹性后效造成压坯裂纹。

Pass to count to Wisterch parameter , and the steel wire is different from the molding tool get in touch with the length, and settle the path the research taking the length work the stabber angle to get under differently pull to stir the term, mold core adoption of best severally why size, combine the best work stabber of research the Cape, and settle the path to take the length nextly steel wire is in the molding tool of have fever to measure, air inside dispel-heat calories, winding dispel-heat on the coil-canister , and its molding tool dispel-heat calories of, and cause the steel wire the temperature difference pass in and outing the molding tool to influence steel wire machine function, under the experiment inside pull to stir the term according to the same race different work stabber Cape half of adoption the Cape(7 degree,10 degree,12 degrees, the best mold Cape, experience mold Cape) settle the path to take the length(2-3 mm,3-4 mm,4-5 mms, theories length, experience length) to proceed to experiment, and get the conclusion, work stabber the Cape then is more big the steel wire get in touch with the length with

通过对Wisterch参数，钢丝与模具接触长度、定径带长度、工作锥角度的研究得到了在不同拉拨条件下模芯采用的最佳几何尺寸，并研究最佳工作锥角、定径带长度下钢丝在模具中的发热量、空气中散热量、卷筒上的散热量及其模具散热量的不同，导致钢丝进出模具的温度差别对钢丝机械性能的影响，在实验中根据同种拉拨条件下采用不同工作锥角半角、定径带长度进行试验，得出结论，工作锥角越大则钢丝与模具接触长度越短，钢丝变形越剧烈，在模具中发热量就越高，导致钢丝出模温度高，使钢丝强度、硬度升高，弯曲、扭转次数降低，并且降低模具使用寿命。在其它条件相同的情况下，定径带越长则钢丝与定径带简壁磨擦增大，使钢丝发热量加大，从而使钢丝强度、硬度略升高，弯曲扭转次数略降低但定径带的增大减小了钢丝变形产生的弹性后效使钢丝出模直径比较稳定。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。