后成质的

The three types of reconstructed embryos(reconstructed embryo of goat-rabbit, goat-bovine and goat-goat) were produced respectively by nuclear transfer using goat ear firbroblast cells as donors and rabbit, bovine and goat ooctyes as recipients, and the factors of cytoplast environments influencing cloned embryo development in vitro, cytoplast effect in nuclear transfer, the methods of transferring cloned embryo and the effects of pregnancy factor on implantation of cloned embryo were studied in this experiment, in order to supply basis for solving the difficulty of implantation of inter-species cloned embryo in recipient and improving the efficiency of cloning.

本试验以波尔山羊耳成纤维细胞为供体，分别以牛、羊、兔的卵母细胞为受体进行体细胞核移植，构建了山羊-兔、山羊-牛和山羊-山羊三种重构胚。研究了不同的胞质环境对重构胚体外发育的影响与核移植中的胞质效应，并对异种克隆胚胎采用了去透明带移植和配种后再移植的方法，探讨移植方法和妊娠因子对异种克隆胚胎在受体动物体内发育的影响，旨在为解决异种克隆胚移植不易着床发育的难题和为提高动物克隆效率提供理论依据。

However, deoxygenation induced further reduction of these metal ions at high temperatures.

过渡金属在二氧化锆基质中的氧化还原特性与其d轨域之电子组态有关，过渡金属具有d5或d10电子组态者(如Mn2+， Fe3+， Cu+，及Zn2+)具有高稳定性能阻绝低温锻烧(~550 °C)时去氢氧化所引发的还原反应，然而高温引发的去氧化可提供更高的还原力，因此这类过渡金属在高温锻烧后(~950°C)将继续还原成低价的物种。

Bone marrow containing hematopoietic stem cells has already been known , theses another group stem cells exists in bone marrow named mesenchymal stem cells. MSCs retain the potentiality of differentiating into osteoblast, chondroblast, adipoblast, tendonblast, myoblast, cardiomyoblast, neuron, etc , which displays a bright prosperity of its use in tissue enigeering, wound healing , cell transplatation and gene therapy. MSCs can be obtained and expanded easily compared to ESC without any problems of morality , law and ethic , immunology.

最早在130年前，德国病理学家Cohnheim在研究创口愈合时就推测在创口愈合过程中出现的部分细胞可能来自骨髓。20世纪70年代，Friendenstein发现一小部分骨髓中贴壁最牢固的细胞经数此传代后形成独特的纺锤形外观，具有形成成骨细胞或软骨细胞的能力。80年代以来，许多研究小组进一步证实了Friendenstein分离到的这些细胞是多能的，在体外特定诱导条件下，可以分化为成骨细胞、软骨细胞、脂肪细胞、成肌细胞、神经元等，被称为骨髓间充质干细胞(Bone MarrowMesenchymal Stem Cells，MSCs)。

With cellulose as the skeleton, gelatinized cassava starch solution and tungsten carbide were used as porogenic agent and inert densifier, respectively. The matrix prepared showed good sphericity and a logarithmic symmetrical distribution of particle size.

取得的主要结果如下：纤维素基复合层析基质的物理功能化：以再生纤维素为骨架，碳化钨粉末为增重剂，糊化木薯淀粉为制孔剂，采用&反相悬浮热再生法&和成球后去除淀粉方法，成功制备了纤维素/碳化钨复合微球，可用作层析介质的基质。

The mathematic relationship between coking coal's characters and coke reactivity index and coke strength after reaction was studied.Main effect factors were analyzed by dynamics model formed by metaplast and mesophase.Taking metamorphic degree of coal, coal maceral, caking property, ash and the content of K_2O and CaO as independent variable, forecasting model was set up by the coking tests with 25 kinds of coals used in the industries.It concludes that exinite in coal makes CRI increase and CSR...

以研究炼焦煤性质与焦炭反应性、反应后强度之间的数学关系为目的，通过胶质体和中间相形成动力学解析导出模型的主要影响因子，以煤的变质程度、煤岩组成、粘结性、灰分及K2O和CaO含量等因素为自变量，由25种工业用煤的炼焦试验，建立出预测模型，并得出壳质组使反应性增大及反应后强度降低；K2O催化作用强于CaO，且两者的催化作用均随煤的变质程度不同而不同等重要结论。

Results Infected by this peptide, cell viability decreased 28.9%. Under light microscope, cells were shrinked and rounded, many cells were divorced from plate wall, some neuraxon shortened and broke. Apoptotic cells which nucleolus shrinked and rounded could be coloured orange by fluorescent colouration. Under electron microscope, chromatin gathered along the inside of the nuclear membrane, vacuole bodies appeared. Apoptotic peak was detected by flow cytometry and the ladder band appeared in DNA electrophoresis.

结果：细胞接触肽段后存活率下降28.9％；光镜下可见细胞贴壁不良，胞体缩小，细胞突起断裂缩短；荧光染色可见细胞突起缩短、胞核固缩、胞质染成橘红色的凋亡细胞；电镜下可见胞质中出现空泡样结构，细胞染色质浓集于核膜内侧并裂解成碎块状；流式细胞仪检测细胞出现亚二倍体峰，DNA电泳出现梯状带。

After special chemical process,it wi8ll inflate in to wormlike when expandable graphite in high temperature for an instant.

经过特殊化学处理后遇高温可瞬间膨胀成蠕虫状的天然晶质石墨。

The kiln body is divided into two sections of electrical furnace body and dynamic rotation with the kiln body constructed of clayed circular hearth uniformly inserted with 9 silicon carbon rods along the circular axis( one group made up of 3 rods and Y connection for every 3 groups).

窑体部分又分为电炉炉体和动力转动两部分，炉体部分采用粘土质圆形炉膛，沿圆轴向均匀插9根硅碳棒（每三根串联成一组，三组按& Y &接线）高铝质的陶瓷炉管又置于硅碳棒内周，通电后硅碳棒产生高温，加热炉管。

The morphology and structure of reconstructed tissue was detected by microscope and scanning electron microscope.Results:(1) Compared with the control group, the cellular proportion of laminin group increased in 62 ~M phase, and decreased in Go~Gi phase significantly. As shown by the microscope, the cells of control group were in low density. The cells in mass connected tightly. The microfilament appeared reticular formation. The nucleus were the same in size. The cells of laminin group were in high density and put out so many lamellipodia, filopodia, which connected with the surrounding cells. The microfilament increased, elongated, and changed from reticulodromous to sarciniform, which reached to the pseudopods. The nucleus were different in size .(2) As shown by the inverted microscope and the cell growth curve, comparing with the controlgroup, cells of each test group increased evidently. The cellular proportion of each test group increased in S phase and G2 ~M phase, and decreased in Go~Gi phase significantly, but there was no considerable interations between LN and EGF;(3) As shown by the morphological observations, the cultured cat corneal endothelial cells formed an integrated membrane, and attached to the Descemets membrane closely, which was similar to the natural tissue. The cells connected tightly to each other, and some of them arranged in hexagon approximately.

结果：(1)层粘连蛋白组处于G_2～M期细胞比例较对照组显著提高，Go～G_1期细胞比例显著下降，提示层粘连蛋白促进内皮细胞DNA合成，及细胞分裂增殖；光镜下，对照组细胞分布成团状，细胞密度较低，细胞间连接紧密，细胞内微丝结成网状，细胞核大小一致；与对照组相比，层粘连蛋白组细胞生长旺盛，细胞密度高，向周边伸出大量板状及丝状伪足，细胞内微丝增多、拉长、集结成束，伸入伪足中，细胞核形状大小不一致；(2)倒置显微镜观察及细胞生长曲线显示，各组细胞数目随时间增加而明显增多，各实验组较对照组增生显著，EGF和LN联合应用组各时间点细胞数目最高；实验组处于S期和G_2～M期细胞数目增加，Go～G_1期细胞数目减少；提示EGF、LN单独及联合应用均可促进细胞增殖，但尚不能认为二者有交互作用；(3)倒置显微镜下，组织培养的猫角膜内皮细胞排列成密集的单层，细胞间连接紧密；组织学观察发现，培养的猫角膜内皮细胞形成完整的内皮层，贴附于脱水基质的后弹力膜上，与正常的角膜内皮组织结构相似；扫描电镜下，组织培养的猫角膜内皮细胞间紧密镶嵌排列，可见某些细胞呈近似六边形排列，细胞大小不甚一致，胞核清晰。

Most sperm nuclei eventually developed into the male pronuclei, just like the normal sperms, except sperm nuclei in a few zygotes kept dense throughout the fertilization process. Dense chromosome body was seen at the nuclear area during the prophase of first mitosis, and in the middle of spindle at metaphase of first mitosis.

精子入卵后形成精核，大多能够逐渐解凝、液化并膨大，最终形成形态正常的雄性原核，但在第一次卵裂早期退化成浓缩的染色质小体，并在胞质分裂时随机地分配到其中一个子细胞里的分裂沟附近。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。