后弯

Methods Seven cadaveric spinal specimens were measured of neutrol zoneand range of motionin 6 movements including anteflexion,retroflexion,left and right lateral flexion,left and right axial rotation.

测试前屈、后伸、左侧弯、右侧弯、左旋转、右旋转的中性区(neutral zone，NZ)和运动范围(range of motion，ROM)。程序：完整状态；②骨折后状态；③椎体成形后；④3000次循环疲劳后。结果骨折后中性区和运动范围均明显增大。椎体成形后屈伸、侧弯、旋转在NZ及ROM均明显减少。

It is shown that beams of reinforced average strain distributing accord with flat section assume; The method of strengthening intension of concrete structure with reinforced materials is a feasible way. The strength of beam can be increased with the number of reinforcement materials be added; The strength of beam is affected by percentage of flexural reinforcement and the compound proportion and fashion of reinforcement materials and the number of reinforcement materials; The capability of bend and stretch and price of inner hybrid fiber is better than sole fiber and exterior hybrid fiber.

通过分析可知：加固后的梁，其平均应变的分布符合平截面假定；使用加固材料来提高混凝土受弯构件承载力的补强加固方法是有效的；构件受弯承载力随加固材料用量的增加而提高；纵筋配筋率、加固材料混杂比例及混杂方式、加固材料用量均对受弯承载力有一定的影响；层内混杂纤维的抗弯性能、延伸性能以及经济性均优于单一纤维和层间混杂纤维。

Methods］When scoliosis of patients were corrected to a certain degree after three weeks of halo pelvic distraction, the most serious collapsed ribs of concave side of the curve underwent a transverse incision the cross ribs. A special rib bender was used to bend the exposed 3 to 6 ribs. The bent ribs were pulled up by double-stranded 10# thick silk which was extended out through the skin and fixed in the upright post of the instrument of Halo pelvic distraction with rubber membranes.

方法］颅盆牵引3周后，脊柱侧弯矫正到一定程度时，在侧弯凹侧肋骨塌陷最重的部位，与肋骨交叉作横切口，暴露3～6条肋骨，用特制的肋骨折弯器将肋骨折弯变圆，用10号双股粗丝线将每条肋骨提起，自皮肤穿出通过橡皮膜在颅盆装置的立柱上作牵引。

［Objective］To sum up the experience of wearing the halo pelvic and level traction costoplasty to treat 35 cases of severe scoliosis combined with collapsed chest.［Methods］When scoliosis of patients were corrected to a certain degree after three weeks of halo pelvic distraction, the most serious collapsed ribs of concave side of the curve underwent a transverse incision the cross ribs. A special rib bender was used to bend the exposed 3 to 6 ribs. The bent ribs were pulled up by double-stranded 10# thick silk which was extended out through the skin and fixed in the upright post of the instrument of Halo pelvic distraction with rubber membranes.［Results］Thirty-three in 35 patients underwent costoplasty.

［目的］介绍35例重度脊柱侧弯合并严重胸廓塌陷的病例，在颅盆牵引的过程中，同时采用肋骨成形术加水平牵引治疗胸廓塌陷［方法］颅盆牵引3周后，脊柱侧弯矫正到定程度时，在侧弯凹侧肋骨塌陷最重的部位，与肋骨交叉作横切口，暴露3～6条肋骨，用特制的肋骨折弯器将肋骨折弯变圆，用10号双股粗丝线将每条肋骨提起，自皮肤穿出通过橡皮膜在颅盆装置的立柱上作牵引。

Its amount has relation with acting load. The influence on sectional curvature of bending components is the greatest one, the ultimate curvature of corroding section decrease obviously, and the sectional curvature increases rather sharply with the increase of rust rate during the process of corrosion. The anti-cracking capacity of prestressed bending R. C. components may be damage. For the convenience of engineering usage and damage evaluation of structure, this paper presents a concept of sectional damage coefficient on the foundation of experimental and treatment study.

试验与理论研究均表明，受压区钢筋锈蚀后对普通钢筋混凝土和预应力钢筋混凝土受弯构件的承载力影响均不大，但对构件的正常使用性能有较显著的影响，受压区钢筋锈蚀过程中，截面刚度有较显著的下降，挠度及受压区混凝土压应变随锈蚀量增加而增加，增加值与使用荷载大小有关；受弯构件的截面曲率所受影响最大，锈蚀后截面的极限曲率有明显的下降，在使用荷载作用下，截面曲率则随钢筋锈蚀量的增加而有较显著的增加；而预应力混凝土受弯构件的抗裂度会下降。

The results show that the amorphous PLGA fiber with porous structure (0.1-1.0 μm) is obtained by diluted solvent spinning method and the mechanical properties is affected by pressure and temperature. Bending strength and shearing strength of the samples increase firstly and then decrease with the increase of molding temperature and pressure. While the molding temperature is 160℃and the pressure is 105MPa, the PLGA materials possess optimal mechanical properties, bending strength, shearing strength and bending modulus 187.3 MPa, 100.0 MPa and 2.5 GPa, respectively. The mild temperature molding PLGA materials are desired to play a grate role in non-bearing internal fixation devices.

研究结果表明：非晶多孔结构的PLGA纤维可通过溶液沉析纺丝的方法获得，其孔径为0.1~1.0μm；压制压力和压制温度对材料的力学性能影响较大，材料的抗弯强度、剪切强度和抗弯模量均随着温度和压力的增大而先增大后降低；在压制压力为105MPa，压制温度为160℃时，试样的力学性能比较理想，此时，其抗弯强度可达到187.3MPa，剪切强度达到100.1MPa，抗弯模量达到2.5GPa，可望作为非承重部位骨折愈合内固定材料。

Result: Scoliosis was identified in 58 cases with Marfan syndrome (38 males and 20 females), the prevalence rate was 42.03%, male-female sex ratio was 1.18:1, 6 cases were in younger than 10-year-old group. 12 cases were in 11~20-year-old group, 19 cases were in 21~30-year-old group, 11 cases were in 31~40-year-old group, 7 cases were in 41~50-year-old group, 3 cases were in 51~60-year-old group. Mean magnitude of Cobb angle in coronal plane was 26.8°±27.8°, the types of scoliosis curve included thoracic curve (36 cases), thoracolumbar curve (11 cases), lumbar curve (2 cases), double curve (6 cases) and triple curve (3 cases), apex vertebraes were convex to the right side among single curves in 38 cases while 11 cases were convex to the left side. Mean magnitude of kyphosis in sagittal plane was 14.3°±13.2°, 5 patients had thoracic lordosis and 40 patients had hypokyphosis and 12 patients had normal kyphosis.

结果：58例(42.03%)患者合并脊柱侧凸，男38例，女20例，男女患病率比例为1.18：1，其中≤10岁6例，11~20岁12例，21~30岁19例，31~40岁11例，41~50岁7例，51~60岁3例；平均冠状面Cobb角为26.8°±27.8°；胸弯36例，胸腰弯11例，腰弯2例，双弯6例，三弯3例；单弯中顶椎凸向右侧38例，凸向左侧11例；矢状面胸椎后凸平均为14.3°±13.2°，其中胸椎前凸5例，胸椎后凸不足40例，胸椎正常后凸12例，仅1例胸椎后凸45°；11例患者冠状面Cobb角＞40°，平均年龄15.9岁。

And the effect of steel bar type, concrete cover and cross section on the carrying capacity was analyzed.

摘要］ 进行了7根三面受火受弯试件自然冷却后承载能力的试验研究，了解了钢筋类型、混凝土保护层厚度和试件截面尺寸对自然冷却后受弯承载力的影响程度，为火灾后混凝土结构的鉴定和评估提供依据。

The strengths of the plain wood rose along with the compression ratio, while the bending strength and MOE lowered as it reached the maximum compression ratio; the plain wood compressed (33%) and heated 10h with 180℃. its bending strength lowered 40%, MOE lost about 50% and hardness lowered 12% than heated 0.5h; the properties not to be compressed after impregnated with PF resin. had a slow rising with the resin concentration, and compressed (33%) after impregnated with PF resin (30%). its bending strength, MOE and hardness increased 82.9%, 98% and 152% respectively.

三倍体毛白杨素材压缩后，其静曲强度和抗弯弹性模量均随压缩率的增大而提高，但接近最大压缩率时均下降；素材压缩（压缩率为33%）后以180℃空气加热处理10 h，静曲强度比同温度压缩保温0.5 h时下降约40%，抗弯弹性模量下降近50%，表面硬度下降约12%；用PF树脂浸渍处理后不经压缩，随PF树脂含量增加木材静曲强度提高幅度不大；用30%PF树脂浸渍后，当压缩率为33%时，其静曲强度、抗弯弹性模量和表面硬度分别比未压缩素材增加82.9%，98%和152%。

This choreography covers many popular Tribal movements including, Egyptian Basic, Torso Rotation, Taksim, Arabic, Choo Choo Arc, Triplet shoulder pushes, Sidewinder, Satellite, 90 degree backbend, Turkish drop and more.

这种舞蹈包含了很多流行的部落舞动作，包括埃及基础动作，Torso旋转，Taksim，阿拉伯，Choo Choo弧线，三重摇肩动作，侧旋，90度后弯，土耳其下点等等。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。