后天的

There is a gap between what we can in principle be given in perception and any belief about the past. And because in principle we could never be given anything about the past directly, the gap is one that no justified a posteriori inference could bridge. For anything to which we could appeal in support of a hypothesis about the connection between the past and present will simply give us more information about the present. Thus, unless our conception of the past is a form of idealism analogous to phenomenalism regarding the external world, skepticism follows.

在'原则上我们在感知中被给予的'和'任何关于过去的信念'之间有一个gap，又因为在原则上我们不能被直接给予过去的东西，这个gap就没有一个后天『a posteriori』inference能架桥辩护，因为任何可诉诸以支持关于过去和当前的关联的假说的东西，也不过是给我们更多关于当前的信息，如此，除非我们对过去的概念是类似关于外在世界的现象论的这种观念论的一个形式，否则怀疑论就会得到。

If you will try to form a notion of yourself, of the sort of a something that you suspect to inhabit and partially to control your flesh and blood body, you will encounter a walking bundle of superfluities: and when you mentally have put aside the extraneous things—your garments and your members and your body, and your acquired habits and your appetites and your inherited traits and your prejudices, and all other appurtenances which considered separately you recognize to be no integral part of you,—there seems to remain in those pearl-colored brain-cells, wherein is your ultimate lair, very little save a faculty for receiving sensations, of which you know the larger portion to be illusory.

如果你尝试给你自己下个概念（这里的&你自己&指的是附着在你的血肉之躯上并部分操纵着它的那个东西），你所得出的结论不过就是一具行尸走肉，一个酒囊饭袋。这里首先明确一下什么是你的外在因素，它们包括你的衣装、肢体、躯干，你后天形成的习惯与爱好，你与生俱来的特征与成见，以及你身上附带的其他东西——如果分开来考虑的话，你不会认为它们是你不可或缺的一部分。假设你在脑海中撇开这一切外在因素，剩下的那些泛着珍珠色泽的大脑细胞，就是你灵魂深处的栖息地。在那儿，只有一小部分细胞维持着感官功能，从中你能知道，剩下的大部分脑细胞产生的信息都是虚幻的。

Objective: This study investigated olfactory function disorder in Canadian potential AD patients through measuring the detection threshold and recognition threshold, of the potential AD patients and the matched controls by Five Odorants Test; and evaluated whether the senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads , which were the typical pathological changes of AD, presented in the olfactory mucosa of potential AD patients.

老年性痴呆中有75%为阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease， AD)，AD 是一种神经细胞退行性疾病，原因不明，临床以进行性记忆丧失和后天获得的知识丧失，病程逐渐发展直至完全丧失生活能力为特征。其病因是多原性的。尽管AD 的描述已达90 年之久，但要在早期检出此病仍是一个难题，所以，改进其临床诊断程序、途径非常重要。当今广泛用于AD 诊断的诸多标准中均未明确提及嗅觉的改变，然而众多国外文献资料表明，几乎所有的AD 患者发病早期甚至在临床前期即表现嗅觉识别阈的改变，可见对此深入研究有助于AD 患者的早发现、早诊断。

Thereby the fundamental principle of the single practice faction of Taoist theory for inner elixir is come out. Then, mainly according to Wuliu Xianzong and Dacheng Jieyao, author elaborates the approximate appearance of the single practice faction of Taoist art for inner elixir such as"Constructing the foundation in one hundred days","Plucking the great medicine in seven days","Hibernating in Seven days","Keeping the embryo in ten month","The positive deity leaving the body","Cultivating in three years","Seating in front of a wall in nine years"and so on. At the same time common misunderstandings that cause to some terminology are clarified such as "The Xing before the Ming"and"The Ming before the Xing".

文章通过对内丹学南宗、北宗和中派的代表性丹经的发掘和整理，明确这些丹经中的&先天&、&后天&、&元神&、&元气&、&元精&、&阴阳&、&造化&、&心&等等主要概念的基本含义，从而归纳出清修派内丹学的基本理论，接着，主要以《伍柳仙宗》和《大成捷要》中所阐述的内丹术为主要依据，综合南北宗和中派的代表性丹经，把清修派内丹术中的所谓&炼心&、&百日筑基&、&七日采大药&、&七日大蛰&、&十月养胎&、&出阳神&、&三年乳哺&和&九年面壁&等基本丹法大要较清晰地呈现出来，同时澄清人们由于对一些术语概念认识不清而导致的误解，如所谓&先性后命&和&先命后性&的区别。

And he also deduces the complete systemic universal theory that the comic's circling movement from the ancient and it graduated layer upon layer and to evolve from the beginning to the end, and grow out of nothing empty to solid; and the universe formula:E = mn1+n2+…nn + mc2 ;and the truth of the gravitation origin; and the extragalactic nebula red shift phenomenon is the result of its galaxy quality structure and the magnitude characteristic attraction, mutually by no means was far away but explodes, and he obtained the universe theory different from the large explosion completely. At the same time it will explain the abstract cultural natural sciences knowledge truth secret something like: Pan-Gu heaven and earth, the River-Chart and the Luo-River-Book, primal chaos and Yi Gua, the profound and abstruse principles of Daoism, the symbolism number of Yi-ology and so on, and it is so broad and profound mystical that it is to be lost many years in Chinese eternity civilization. Then, he establishment the law of myriad things with one method; and deciphered the method that CongzhiZu instantaneously obtained the girth quotient density earlier near millennium than the European at the Han Dynasty, and broke the misunderstanding that all to think he has use shearing the round technique method in the world; and expounded the Pan Gu truth that the world occurs and forms with, broke the thought Pan Gu was the god superstition which the folk spread; and has cleared the-River-Chart and Luo-river-book is the nature objective reflection appearance of the universe transportation principle; and has opened the universe code numeral secret; and explained the scientific truth Fu Xi drawing the ancient divination symbol, furthermore, the writer has drawn all the ancient divination symbol order orientation diagram that had lost the thousands years of the pre-heaven Lian-shan, the midst Gui-cang, the after earth Qian-kun,and the after heaven Zou-Yiology. Through the universe laws and regulations law of from the beginning to the ultimate and myriad things all out of Pangu River-chart Luo river book primal chaos, explained thoroughly the digital code of the universe myriad things' transports and constitution. The digital code only a digital odd and even, but the binary system code deduced the world myriad things' number.

推论出宇宙万物从无到有、由虚化实、由始到终、从一到万、盘旋古衡地层层量级运动演化完备系统的万有理论；推算出了宇宙万有品质及能量公式 E = mn1+n2+…nn +mc2；论述了万有引力、磁力、电流、微观中的强力弱力诸能量的由来，以及宇宙万有物质和三大力等统一为一体的道理；推论出一切物质构成存在皆是能量结晶体，得出&一切物质皆是能量实在&，&物质本身即是能量&的理论；讲明了银河外星系的红移现象是其盘旋圆合成的星系巨大品质结构和量级特性的引力所致，并非相互远离而爆炸，得出了与大爆炸完全不同的理论；同时破解了中国博大精深神秘玄奥的华表准天、八节太极、弇兹九宫、盘古天地、河图洛书、太极易卦、天机道秘、象数彖爻等自然科学知识道理奥秘；释解并创立了万物同准法理论；解密了古代祖冲之早於欧洲近千年，瞬间得出圆周率密率的方法，打破了世界上都认为密率是用割圆术等推算出的误解；阐明了盘古天地发生形成的宇宙自然之道，以及日晷观天历纪二十四节气等等，许多天地万物万事的科学同准方法，揭秘了认为盘古是民间流传的神话迷信；理清了河图洛书是天地垂象万物负图之客观自然规律出现的宇宙物有运化成物的基本道理的数理定律；解开了现代专家教授都迷惑不解的太极易卦天地编码万物数理秘密；释解了伏羲画卦的科学道理，把失传数千年的先天连山易、中天归藏易、后地乾坤形易以及后天周易的遗失卦象次序方位数学矩阵图全都补画出来；通解了宇宙天地万有运化构成的基因数码，只用一这个最简单元始数字，奇偶一二进位地组成编码天地数字推演万物。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。