后代

If sharks in the wild are reproducing asexually, their young will be genetically weaker than those produced sexually.

如果野生鲨鱼也用无性生殖的方式繁衍后代，那么他们的后代与有性生殖的后代相比更为脆弱。

The result indicated, the CIMMYT forage characteristics of the overgrowth, strong tillerity and high yield could inherit to the offspring ,and the inherit ability was higher. It was obviously difference of seedling, plant, and its grow habit, flower apparatus and seed between CIMMYT forage and common maize. The hybrid offspring of CIMMYT forage and common maize keep the strong trait of growing and development, but the flower and seed character were look like common maize. The backcross offspring were not different to common maize besides with some tillers, distinct multi-ear and atavism.

结果表明，CIMMYT牧草能将其生长繁茂、分蘖力强、生物产量高的特性遗传给杂交后代，并有较强的世代传递能力；该牧草幼苗、植株及其生长习性、花器官、种子特征等与普通玉米差异明显，其与普通玉米的杂交后代基本保持了它的生长发育特性，但花器官和种子特征更偏向于普通玉米；回交后代除保持了一定的分蘖特性、明显的多穗和返祖现象外，其余特征特性与普通玉米基本没有区别。

The study suggest:(1) The observation of satellites in root tip and multiplex PCR makers could accurately identify the homozygous and the heterozygosis of 1BL/1RS translocation.(2) Through the restoring degree we could confirm the success of the transfer. The combination of the restoring degree and the agronomy property could increase the efficiency of practical application.(3) This study proposed the transformation from the physiological male sterile to the genetic male sterile, and then establish a method of utilize the strong superiority crosses.

其中复合引物PCR更适合于回交后代中大量目标种子的筛选；(2)恢复基因转育后代定株与不育系测交，依据测交恢复度可准确确定恢复基因在回交后代的延续，恢复基因定株定向转育与性状选择结合可大大提高转育后代的实际应用效果；(3)本研究提出的粘类小麦雄性不育恢复基因Rfv1定向转育体系，可有效地实现小麦由化控强优势组合向三系强优势组合的定向转化，即生理型不育途径向遗传型不育途径的定向转化，进而建拓一套杂交小麦强优势组合多途径利用新体系。

It is thought that if human and chimp ancestors initially became separate species and then started to interbreed, then the hybrid males produced tended to be infertile. No one knows exactly why males are more affected than females, just that they are in groups ranging from mammals to insects.

人们认为，如果人类和黑猩猩的祖先种是先分化成不同的物种，然后进行交配，那么产生的雄性后代往往是不育（没有人确切地知道为什么杂交对雄性后代的影响强于雌性后代，从哺乳动物到昆虫，这种现象比比皆是）。

In attempting to construct such machines we should not be irreverently usurping His power of creating souls, any more than we are in the procreation of children: rather we are, in either case, instruments of His will providing mansions for the souls that He creates.

时机的问题我们会在本文其他地方再讨论，但是就尝试制造这种机器的过程本身来说，既然我们自己一直具有着繁衍后代的能力，我们就不应该如此不逊地篡夺上帝创造灵魂的能力（或者说，既然我们自己具有将生命赋予后代的能力，上帝就具有将灵魂赋予动物或是机器的能力）——事实上，不管做什么，不管是尝试繁衍后代还是尝试篡夺上帝的权力，我们都只不过是一群肉体工具，被上帝用来承载他所创造的灵魂而已。

And it also showed that the inheritance of the growth-rate and pathogenicity to cotton seedlings of XC-6 could not be inherited steadily in zoospore progenies and oospore progeny, but the colony morphology and homothallic character of XC-6 could inherited steadily in both asexual and sexual progenies, which suggested that the inheritance and variation of the above characters might be related to long-selfing and hybridization in species.

同时，XC-6生长速率、对棉苗的致病力、菌落形态及同宗配合遗传和变异特性研究表明，其生长速率和对棉苗的致病力性状在单游动孢子后代和自交后代均不能稳定遗传，但菌落形态和同宗配合特性在单游动孢子后代和自交后代均能稳定遗传，提示上述性状在单游动孢子后代和自交后代的遗传和变异特性可能与菌株长期自交和种内杂交有关。

And it also showed that the inheritance of the growth-rate and pathogenicity to cotton seedlings of XC-6 could not be inherited steadily in zoospore progenies and oospore progeny, but the colonyKey words: Phytophthora boehmeriae, Biological character, Inheritance

同时，XC-6生长速率、对棉苗的致病力、菌落形态及同宗配合遗传和变异特性研究表明，其生长速率和对棉苗的致病力性状在单游动孢子后代和自交后代均不能稳定遗传，但菌落形态和同宗配合特性在单游动孢子后代和自交后代均能稳定遗传，提示上述性状在单游动孢子后代和自交后代的遗传和变异特性可能与菌株长期自交和种内杂交有关。

The nitrate non-utilizing mutantas an another added genetic marker was used to select the out-crossed perithecium from self-crossed perithecia. Seven crosses were tested in all, including cross between S×S, MR ×S, MR×MR,HR ×S, as well as HR ×MR. The results showed that no recombinant phenotype was found among all progeny of seven crosses. Progeny segregation of crosses between the parents with different sensitive levels (i.e. MR×S, HR×S,HR×MR) clearly fit a 1:1 ratio of two parental phenotypes, and no segregation was found in the crosses of S×S and MR × MR.

从25个敏感菌株和31个抗性菌株中随机挑选了2个S、3个MR和1个HR，并以硝酸盐营养缺陷型突变体作为另一个遗传标记，按照S×S、MR×MR、MR×S、HR×S、HR×MR等共设计了7个杂交组合，对各杂交后代对多菌灵的敏感性测试发现，在所有杂交后代中均未出现除双亲表现型以外的重组型个体，MR×S、HR×S及HR×MR的杂交后代出现了1∶1的分离比例。

In this paper, male sterile line of alfalfa was used to be improved with crossing, because the seed production of crossing is low. The affecting factors of seed production of male sterile line of alfalfa and its crossing progenies that are crossed with male sterile lines of alfalfa and good alfalfa that male is fertile were analyzed. The characteristics of female reproductive organs of male sterile line and its crossing progenies are analyzed in cell morphology. The genetic difference of male sterile line and its crossing progenies are analyzed in enzyme protein. The results showed: 1、Rate of podding of nature crossing and fecundity of artificial crossing of the male sterile plant BC1-2 that is the crossing progency of male sterile line of alfalfa and Medicago varia Martin.cv.'Caoyuan No.1'is higher than male sterile lines. Rate of podding of nature crossing and fecundity of artificial crossing of the male sterile plants BC1-19、BC1-21、BC1-22、BC1-23 that are the crossing progencies of male sterile line of alfalfa and Medicago sativa L.cv.

针对苜蓿雄性不育系杂交制种产量低的问题，采用杂交法对苜蓿雄性不育系进行改良，以原苜蓿雄性不育系为轮回亲本与雄性可育优良苜蓿品种杂交，分析苜蓿雄性不育系及其杂交后代种子产量的影响因素，从细胞形态学方面观察和分析杂交后代及原不育系在雌性生殖器官上的变异特点，从酶蛋白水平对杂交后代及原不育系的遗传差异进行分析，初步研究结果如下： 1、苜蓿雄性不育系与草原一号苜蓿的杂交后代不育株BC1-2，以及苜蓿雄性不育系与X′(苜蓿雄性不育系与新疆大叶苜蓿的杂种F1代)的杂交后代不育株BC1-19、BC1-21、BC1-22、BC1-23的天然杂交结荚率和人工杂交制种的结荚率和百粒重均高于原苜蓿雄性不育系。

Sorghum genome DNA had been transfered into rice variety via pollen tube pathway. In this paper, the molecular verification was performed by SSR technique. The result shown seventeen of sixty pairs of primers can reveal polymorphisms among donor, receptor and their stable offspring. Same bandings were amplified between donor and some offspring.

从60对SSR引物中筛选出17对，对供体高粱、受体水稻及其外源DNA导入后代稳定材料进行了分子验证，结果表明供体高粱与受体水稻间存在多态性、受体水稻与后代稳定材料间出现多态性，供体高粱与部分后代稳定材料间出现相同的扩增带，部分供体与受体共有的特征带在后代中消失、而有些后代出现了供体和受体均没有的扩增带。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷