同种的

Behaioral phenomena quantified by genetic markers in arious species include patterns of multiple mating by both sexes; frequent cuckoldry by males and rare cuckoldry by females in nest-tending species; additional routes to surrogate parentage ia nest piracy and egg-thieery; egg mimicry by nest-tending males; brood parasitism by helper males in cooperatie breeders; clutch mixing in oral brooders; kinship in schooling fry of broadcast spawners; sperm storage by dams in female-pregnant species; and sex-role reersal, polyandry, and strong sexual selection on females in some male-pregnant species.

通过遗传标记测量不同种的行为现象涉及两性间的多种交配现象：趋穴型种类中雄性与多个雌性私通而雌性则较少交配；通过侵略巢穴和偷窃卵的行为进行偷梁换柱；通过趋穴型雄性鱼类进行卵的模拟；通过共同繁殖型中的雄性进行寄生抚育；通过混合在口孵育型鱼类的幼体间；广播种型产卵者鱼苗的亲缘关系；怀卵孵化型鱼类的精子储存；以及性逆转，一妻多夫，雄性怀卵抚育型种类雌性的强烈性选择。

ARID (AT-rich interaction domain) protein is a transcription factor family in higher eukaryotes that regulates cell proliferation, development, and differentiation. Specificity of DNA binding ability in this family prefers AT-rich sequences, but some ARID family proteins are not sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins or they do not bind AT-rich sequences. We found two genes that encode ARID in Giardia lamblia genome database, garid1 and garid2. We analyzed the function of garid1 first. AU1-tagged gARID1 was found to localize to nuclei. During encystation, gARID1 mRNA level decreased emphatically, but protein level increased. We also found that gARID1 can bind AT-rich initiator of the cwp1 promoter by EMSA. Mutation analysis revealed gARID1 binding sequence was AGATC and AATAAAATA. We used ChIP to demonstrate that gARID1 can bind cwp1 gene promoter in vivo.

ARID(AT-rich interaction domain)蛋白质家族是真核生物的一种转因子，在许多同种的真核生物有它的同源基因，这个家族的蛋白质通常与调控细胞的生长、发育和分化的作用有关，而这个家族的蛋白质和DNA的结合能，各种ARID蛋白质的专一性尽相同，过大致上偏好於和AT-rich的序结合；我们已经在形鞭毛虫的基因组中找到个含有ARID 的基因，分别是garid1和garid2，我们首先对於garid1做分析；将AU1标记接到gARID1转染形鞭毛虫，用免疫萤光染色可发现gARID1存在於细胞核中。gARID1的讯息RNA在囊体化后会明显下，过其阳性染色和蛋白质表现有明显增加；EMSA实验中也发现gARID1会明显的与cwp1基因启动子之AT-rich initiator结合，经由突变序分析，也显示gARID1的结合序为AGATC和AATAAAATA，随后我们也用ChIP证明gARID1在细胞内也的确会和cwp1基因的启动子结合。

An isoantigen that on exposure to its corresponding isoantibody causes agglutination of the red blood cells to which it is attached.

同种凝集原；同族凝集原一个同种抗原，在接触它相应的同种抗体的会导致与其附在一起的红细胞发生凝集

At the beginning the number was decrease rapidly, then slowly. There were still some MSCs alive 8 week after transplant. Conclusion: The mouse's MSCs can survive more than 8 week in subcutaneous tissue of allogene mouse. MSCs were hypoimmunogenic.

小鼠MSCs植入同种异体小鼠皮下8周后仍能存活，MSCs在体内保持低免疫原性的特点，同种异体与同种同基因MSCs在诱导机体免疫应答方面无明显差异。

The article discusses the basic principles of resource replacement at the beginning, that is, one resource has multi-purposes, and it can be divided as the important field, less important field and general field; the same need can be satisfied with different resources; related resources have cospecific field and independent field, and it can be divided as universal field, cospecific field, and independent field.

文章首先论述了资源替代的基本原理，即同种资源具有多种用途，可将其使用领域划分为重要领域、次要领域与一般领域；同时，同种需求可由不同的资源来满足。此外，资源的多用途性及满足同种用途资源多样化的特点，使相关资源之间在用途上存在共同的应用领域及独立应用领域，具体可将其分成资源的通用领域、共用领域和专用领域三种状况。

The chronic GVHD of heterogenic marrow occurs at late stage and is rare,and it is not as typical as homogenic chronic GVHD in the clinical performance,and slighter than ho-mogenic GVHD in pathological process;there is no obvious difference between heterogenic and homogenic GVHD in the invaded region.

异种骨髓移植的慢性GVHD出现时间晚，较罕见，临床表现不如同种慢性GVHD典型，病变较同种GVHD轻；其病变侵犯器官与同种GVHD无明显区别。

Pioneering work by Cohen and coworkers about T cell vaccination in the experimental autoimmune disease, has showed that the establishment of immune response against T cell vaccine, such as anti-idiotype T cells or anti -idiotype antibody, by the way of the upregulation of immune networks, and subsequently functional depression of autoimmune to self-antigen were made by vaccining mice or rate with the attenuated autoreactive T cells .

从研究TCV在防治自身免疫性疾病中的作用机制表明，人为的TCV免疫，建立了拮抗T细胞的免疫应答，使免疫网络产生上调作用，抑制了原有的或即将出现的相关T细胞的功能，由此推测，是否能够把同种反应性T细胞作为TCV，来建立抗同种免疫反应的内环境，诱导抗原特异性的同种免疫耐受或免疫低反应性。

The experiments may contribute not only to investigating the mechanism of interaction between ldiotype and anti -idiotype T cells by which immune network are up-regulated, but also to analysing the suppressive effect of anti -idiotypic T cell or antibodies against the antigens on the activated T cells in the allo-responsiveness.

本课题选用小鼠耳后心肌移植模型，用同种抗原特异的活化T淋巴细胞免疫同系小鼠的方法，诱导免疫小鼠同种心肌移植物存活时间的延长，以此探讨免疫网络中独特型-抗独特型相互作用机理，着重分析在同种抗原诱导的免疫应答中，抗独特型T细胞和抗活化T淋巴细胞抗原抗体对同种免疫反应的抑制作用。

Allogeneic and syngeneic fresh bone, autolyzed antigen-extracted bone, bone matrix gelatin, demineralized bone matrix were implanted into the muscle pouch of mice, at different times after implantation, the immunological, histological and alkaline phosphatase assay were conducted. The results revealed that all four kinds of allogeneic implants activated specific cellular and humoral immune responses, most notably in fresh bone group, the AAA, BMG and DBM inhibited the proliferation of the lymphocytes in vitro and BMG had the most powerful inhibiting action, allogeneic AAA, BMG and DBM might induce heterotopic osteogenesis in vivo, however, there were obvious difference in ALP and histomorphometry between allografts and isografts.

在小鼠肌肉内植入同种异体或同系新鲜骨、自消化抗原去除骨、骨基质明胶、脱钙骨基质，术后免疫学、碱性磷酸酶、组织学检查发现：4种同种异体植入物均可引发特异性细胞免疫反应和体液免疫反应，其中以新鲜骨移植引发的免疫反应最为显著；自消化抗原去除骨、骨基质明胶、脱钙骨基质在体外具有抑制淋巴细胞增殖的作用，骨基质明胶对淋巴细胞增殖的抑制作用最显著；同种异体与同系4种植入物在体内成骨活性有显著差异；自消化抗原去除骨、骨基质明胶、脱钙骨基质均有异位诱导成骨活性，其中骨基质明胶骨诱导活性最佳。

The effect were validated by different yeasts、different malts、10L fermentation equipment .

同时采用气相色谱和液相色谱对甲醛、乙醛、5-羟甲基糠醛含量进行分析，并以不同种酵母、不同种麦芽糖化，10L 发酵罐的小试实验对调节剂效果进行验证。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。