同时估计

The thesis illustrates the principle of the and its application in the system, establishes the simulation model of the vector control system of PMSM based on the EKF and successfully realizes the application of the speedless sensor in motor control. Firstly, based on the mathematic model of permanent-magnet synchronous motor, the PMSM vector control system is built. Secondly, the Extended Kalman Filter is designed for the on-line estimation of the speed and rotor position by only using measurements of the motor voltages and currents.

首先，基于PMSM的数学模型，建立了电机的矢量控制仿真模型；其次，设计了扩展卡尔曼滤波器，通过检测电机端电压、相电流对电机转速和转子位置进行在线实时估计，实现了PMSM的无传感器矢量控制；最后，在Matlab7.0环境下进行的系统仿真试验表明，该方法具有优良的转角跟踪特性和较好的转速跟踪特性，同时系统具有较强的抗负载扰动性能和较佳的控制性能。

With an actual gymnasium of a long-span spatial steel-cable-membrane hybrid structure as the cal- culation model,both static and dynamic analyses were performed by employing the global analysis for the whole hybrid structure,and the substructural analysis for the truss arch substructure,and the cable-membrane substructure etc.,and the stresses and displacements of structural members were compared during global and substructural analyses.

在复杂的混合结构体系中，结构形态呈三维状态，在荷载作用下具有三维受力特征并呈空间工作'，，〕，结构之间的相互作用越来越不直观。同时，由于一些大跨度空间结构中包含了柔性部分，使结构的几何非线性行为成为必须考虑的因素，从而结构构件的内力改变与边界条件、荷载的变化关系就更加难以估计。

Multiple linear regression is the simplest way to build the relationship between the several explanatory variables and response variable. However, MLR often causes the estimated regression coefficients unstable or even unaccessible when the number of explanatory variables is more than that of objects. Especially, the explanatory variables are highly intercorrelated which called multi-collinear data. Therefore, many methods have been developed to analyze multi-collinear data, such as variable selection methods, ridge regression, principal components regression and partial least squares regression.

当要同时建立多个解释变数与反应变数间的关系时，最简单的方式是以复回归来处理，但是当解释变数数目远多於样本数，或者变数之间具有高度相关性时，会使得回归系数的估计变得不稳定甚至无法求得，这样的资料又称为共线性资料，在面临这样的资料时可以利用变数选取的方式降低资料组的维度，或者以脊回归、主成分回归及净最小平方回归等方法来灭种共线性的干扰。

Shame is it will cost you a lot of wonga now Sir Alex. 20-25 million at a conservative estimate.That is if Harry can be persuaded to part with a player who is vital to his plans to take Tottenham to new heights.

哎，真可怜啊，真是羞耻啊，SAF保守估计要损失200万到250万英镑的样子了，同时HARRY大人明智的锁定了那个可以把托特纳姆热刺带到一个新高度的人

The sensitivity analysis results show that ticket price changes have a significant effect on flight load. Analysis of the influence of different flight departure time alteration on flight load may also serve as a reference for the flight departure time adjustment considerations of airlines. Furthermore, the estimation parameter value in passenger choice utility function for passengers to early arrival is less then to late arrivals. This shows that domestic flight passengers prefer the early arrival flight to late arrival flight under the same time difference between passenger desired departure time and flight departure time.

另由敏感度分析之结果，显示票价变动对班次承载之影响明显，而变动班次起飞时间对班次承载影响之分析，亦可作为航空公司调整其班次起飞时间之参考；此外，由旅客选择效用函数中班次时间差之参数，早到与晚到校估值的差异，以及采早到与晚到对旅客吸引时间范围不同时，其估计误差较采早到与晚到时间范围相同下小，此等结果皆显示国内旅客对於早到与晚到的感受不同。

All these malpractices and devia-tions as well as their consequences had not been recognized and thereforeleaving some hidden trouble.After the World War Ⅱ,Stalin and BolshevikParty aorked out a time-table of transition to communism,and becameeven more left-leaning,and thus solidified and absolutized the malpractisedand deviant system Until the mid-1980s,the leaders of the Party of SovietUnion,one after another,ahd been bound up to the"Left"dogma,lackedthe sense of times and Marxist philosophical spirit.They only wanted toperfect the prewar model,over-estimated their situation and national pow-er,developed great partism and great-nation chauvinism into hegemonism,and therefore,the model of Soviet Union became further rigiditized.

战后，斯大林和联共制定向共产主义过渡的时间表，在许多理论问题和政策实践上进一步&左&倾，从而将有缺陷和偏差的体制模式凝固化，绝对化。80年代中期以前，苏共及其一代又一代领导人束缚于&左&的理论教条，缺乏时代感和马克思主义的求实创新精神，只满足于对战前模式进行完善，同时过高估计苏联社会发展所处阶段和国力，将大党主义和大国沙文主义发展为霸权主义，以致苏联模式进一步僵化。

Since the proposed method not only circumvents the mathematical modeling error, but also has the initial advantage of the MUSIC-type algorithm, its performance is much better than that of the conventional methods.

相比于其它常规方法，由于本文提出的方法不仅保证了与数学模型之间的匹配，同时还具有MUSIC类算法固有的优势，因而时延参数估计性能得到了较大的改善。

A new particle filtering algorithm was proposed, which introduced Swarm Intelligence niching technique into particle filtering in order to enhance particles diversity and search ability and convert above issues into a multi-modal optimization so that measure information is fully. As a result, particles can move towards the high likelihood areas which increase precision for system state estimation.

提出了一种新的粒子滤波算法，将群智能算法中的小生境技术引入粒子滤波中，增强粒子的多样性和寻优能力，同时将上述问题转化为多模寻优问题从而充分应用观测信息，使得采样后的粒子朝着高似然区域移动，从而有效地提高系统状态估计精度。

At last, through the utilization of Monte Carlo algorithms , we can provide the most accurate statistical predictions for various services . This thesis provides some methods to solve the problems on simulation , one is about the propagation tunning for WCDMA , the other is using a new call admission control algorithm to control the system loads . These will result in more accurate predictions and provide references for the construction of WCDMA.

文中针对仿真预测中容易出现的问题进行了探讨，重点介绍了WCDMA传播模型的校正方法，同时使用一种新的基于负荷估计的呼叫接入控制算法来更好地模拟用户的干扰水平，在一定程度上提高了仿真预测的准确度，为将来网络的建设提供了借鉴。

It mingled with her own biscuity odor, and my senses were suddenly filled to the brim; a sudden commotion in a nearby bush prevented them from overflowing — and as we drew away from each other, and with aching veins attended to what was probably a prowling cat, there came from the house her mother's voice calling her, with a rising frantic note — and Dr.

那种清甜的麝香味，混合着她饼干般的汗香，让我的感官突然达到极限；不过树林边突然的骚动使它们没有溢出来：当我们心痛地迅速分开，想着估计是一只夜游的野猫时，她的屋里传来她母亲叫她的声音，一声比一声高；同时，库伯医生也蹒跚的走出屋子，来到花园。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。