同度的

During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

The paper includes the constitutes of system hardware, image pretreatment, the achievement of parameter detection artithmetic. The main work is as follow: The pater makes use of vanguard genetic algorithms in image segmentation, uses vanguard genetic algorithms to get the image threshold. Using this method we may get different grey vehicles from the background exactly. Used the support vector machine theory to conduct the vehicles automatic sorting simulation research, the simulation result had proven this method could quite be accurate carries on the vehicles type the recognition; Improved based on the background automatic renewal hypothesized examination region algorithm, enhanced timeliness and the accuracy which the vehicles examines; And to has carried on the specify based on the hypothesized examination region imagery processing algorithm realization; In the paper also introduced withdraws the algorithm based on the gradation continuous movement vehicles characteristic to carry on the vehicles the characteristic to withdraw as well as to use the localization method which colored filter same gradation chart processing unifies to carry on the realization method which the vehicles license plate locates.

本文根据智能交通控制与仿真对于交通流量、车辆到达率、车辆速度等交通信息检测的需求，基于视频图像进行了交通信息处理的算法研究与实现，主要工作包括以下几个方面：将先锋遗传算法应用到图像阈值分割中，利用先锋遗传算法寻求全局最优阈值，可以比较准确的将图像中不同灰度的车辆从背景中分离出来；采用支持向量机理论进行了车辆自动分类的仿真研究，仿真结果证明该方法能够比较准确的将车辆的类型进行识别；改进了基于背景自动更新的虚拟检测区域算法，提高了车辆检测的实时性和准确性；并对基于虚拟检测区域的图像处理算法实现进行了详细说明；论文中还介绍了基于灰度连续性的运动车辆特征提取算法进行车辆的特征提取以及采用彩色过滤器同灰度图处理相结合的定位方法进行车辆牌照定位的实现方法。

This paper compares conditional entropy of entanglement and concurrence at the same condition,and the result shows that the curves of their evolvements are identical.

应用条件熵纠缠度研究了真空腔场中两全同二能级原子之间纯态和一类混合态纠缠的时间演化，比较了相同条件下两全同原子系统concurrence纠缠度的时间演化。

Rhee observes that the Korean approach to economic life is fundamentally based on the ideas contained in fusionism, which can potentially mobilize the forces that can bring harmony to conflicts caused by differing viewpoints.

这样一个「融合市场」的次序是由同质的融合者组成的。「同质的融合者」是指能在市场不同的个人与群体之间增加和谐度。

We establish an asymptotic Lipschitz homotopy invariance theorem for these K-homology groups and K-theory groups. We show that the asymptotic index maps are isomorphisms for the asymptotically scaleable spaces, which include Euclidean cones, simply connected complete Riemannian manifolds with nonpositive curvature.

我们证明了这些K-同调群和K-理论群具有渐近Lipschitz同伦不变性；对于渐近可标度的几何空间（包括欧氏锥、单连通非正曲率完备黎曼流形等），证明了渐近指标映射为同构。

Moreover,we consider the techniques in calculating the map\'s degree respectively in two cases that the functional responses function is monotone and differentiable or is nonmonotonic and undifferentiable.

本文深入到算子度的计算方法尤其是抽象算子同伦映射的构造，并为抽象算子同伦映射的构造提供了普遍适用的操作方法，即一步到位构造一个多项式函数作为抽象算子的同伦映射。

Those who had no schoolfellow in their work units tend to use the "emotional suppression " coping strategy.

对「督导支持」和「自主」的知觉得分显著高於工作在采全责护理模式照顾病人的工作单位；工作单位有毕业校友者在「参与」方面的知觉得分显著高於工作单位没有毕业校友者；（3）应届毕业新进护理人员采用的因应策略，依序为「寻求社会资源」、「计划与期望」、「认知压抑」和「情绪处理」，显示采取主动性因应大於压抑性因应方式；（4）在工作单位中没有毕业校友者，愈倾向采用「情绪处理」的因应策略；（5）在工作环境中对人际关系向度（参与、同侪凝聚力、督导支持）的知觉愈高，愈倾向采用「计划与期望」的因应策略；对人际关系向度的知觉愈高，愈少采用「情绪处理」的因应策略；工作环境中对系统维持与改变向度的知觉愈高，愈倾向采用「计划与期望」的因应策略。

The results show that the system belongs to Newton fluid; temperature being increased, the viscosity decreased; surfactant mass fraction being increased, the viscosity increased; the viscosity has the same trend as content of water; their diameters are about 100 nm, its corrosion, density and solidifying point can meet the national standards.

结果表明：微乳柴油体系为牛顿型流体；温度升高，体系粘度降低；表面活性剂质量分数增大，粘度也逐渐增大；粘度的变化同水量的变化规律基本一致；粒径均在100 nm左右；腐蚀性、密度和凝点均符合国家标准；室温时稳定期在6个月以上。

In summer, the high-abundance distribution area of Pteropods is located in the place where the Taiwan Warm Current originates from Kuroshio.

结果表明，东海翼足类总丰度和出现频率有明显的季节变化，均为秋季最高，夏季次之，春季最低；总丰度在各个季节基本上呈东海南部高于北部、外海高于近海的分布趋势；春季的尖笔帽螺、夏季的锥笔帽螺、秋季的蝴蝶螺和冬季的马蹄螔螺是导致总丰度季节变化的最主要的种类；冬、春和夏3个季节丰度变化及4季总丰度的变化同表层或10 m层水温有非常显著的线性相关关系，与底层温度及盐度的相关关系不显著。

It was found from the result of the interrater reliability, the internal consistency, and the predictive validity that the SADI is well-applicable for assessing mother-child interaction of high-risk families, and can be as a predictor of the child's language and adaptive behavior development.

由评量者间的信度，内在一致性以及同时效度的结果显示「互动关系量表」适用於评量高危险性家庭中母子互动关系，且可预测儿童语言与其适应行为之发展。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。