同属的

Peach aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae), Myzus persicae, is one of the most economically important pests that result in decreasing of yield and quality of crops of agricultural and horticultural crops throughout the world.

桃蚜属同翅目，蚜科，瘤蚜属，是世界上分布最广、危害最大的蚜虫类害虫之一。

In chapter 1, the paper overviewed the feature of Chaozhou guzheng, introducing other representatives of Chaozhou guzheng. In chapter 2, the paper studies Chaozhou guzheng melody formulated by Mr Xu, summing up its spectrum surface characteristics. In chapter 3, combined with the author's personal experience of learning with Mr Xu, in three different spectral mode of Chaozhou guzheng set by Mr Xu, From Playing by the right hand and composing by the left hand, specifying the actual performance characteristics.

在第一章中，文章概述了潮州筝派的特点，对许守诚先生同属潮州筝派的其他代表人物做了介绍；第二章中，以许守诚先生订谱的潮州筝曲谱本为研究对象，归纳总结出许先生订谱的潮州筝曲的谱面特点；第三章，作者结合跟随许先生学习的亲身体会，分别对许先生订谱的三种不同调式的潮州筝曲，从右手弹奏和左手作韵两方面，具体阐述实际演奏的特点。

Based on above studies, some main conclusions were obtained as follows : 1 the diatoms forming mats in low latitude west pacific is"shade flora"diatom Ethmodiscus rex Hendey; 2 the sites found diatom mats are zone distributed, the direction is NW-SE and most distribute in the deep water area with flat seafloor, between 17°N～20°N and the water depth 4837-6150 m below Carbonate Compensation Depth (CCD 3) AMS 14C dates show that the sediments rich in diatom mats occurred during 16.0 ~ 28.6 ka B.P., which means the bloom mainly occurred in last glacial maximum, while there are not diatom mats deposits in other layers; 4 A total of 101 diatom taxa belonging to 40 genera had been identified from the 155 samples in the two cores WPD 03 and WPD 12, and the relative percentage of Thalassionema frauenfeldii are the highest, Thalassionema nitzschioides、Azpeitia nodulifera、Hemidiscus cuneiformis、Nitzschia marina take the second place.

14C年期间，即&勃发&发生于末次冰期最盛期；4在WPD 03和WPD 12两个岩芯共155个样品中共鉴定硅藻40属101种，且Thalassionema frauenfeldii的相对百分含量最高，Thalassionema nitzschioides、Azpeitia nodulifera、Nitzschia marina、Hemidiscus cuneiformis等次之，这五种硅藻占整个硅藻物种相对百分含量的85%左右，说明在该海域表层水体硅藻席沉积过程中，这五种硅藻最容易与成席硅藻在同时期的环境中生存，形成勃发；5MIS3期的晚期，该区域表层海水盐度降低，这有助于该区水体的成层化，从而使&树荫种&硅藻开始勃发，导致&秋季倾泻&；6末次冰期由于南极中层水北扩，南大洋中层水将富含硅酸盐的海水带入了研究区，即南大洋的&硅溢漏&作用，使该区域硅藻得以勃发，同时，铁输入的增多，可能也是造成硅藻勃发的主要原因之一。

This paper made detailed studies through karyotype analysis and allozyme analysis on the materials which including 9 species of the genus Lycoris and different populations of Lycoris radiata Herb..

本研究以石蒜属9种植物以及石蒜的16个居群植物为研究材料，通过核型和同工酶研究和分析手段，对石蒜属植物种间和石蒜居群间进行了详细研究；进一步揭示了石蒜属种间以及石蒜不同居群之间的差异；为探讨石蒜属植物的系统关系和资源进一步开发利用提供基础资料。

Therefore, we selected common species of Ranunculaceae. comparative primordial plants in Alpine Meadow at Eastern QinghaiTibetan Plateau, and studied the reproductive strategies, such as reproductive allocation, especially sex allocation, to understand how the plants adapt the environmental conditions. The results showed:(1) At higher altitude, the self-incompatible plant, such as Trollius ranunculoides tended to become limited by pollination rather than by nutrient availability, while the self-compatible plants, such as Anemone rivularis and A. obtusiloba seemed not to be limited by pollen availability, which suggested that ability of self pollination for alpine plants may be a mechanism of reproductive assurance.(2) Influences induced by high altitude on the reproduction of these species occurred on different reproductive characters, which suggest species-specific adaptive strategies. The influences are dependent on plant size to some extent.

因此，我们选择在青藏高原东部的高寒草甸，以比较原始的植物类群—毛茛科植物为研究对象，选择一些常见种探讨其繁殖对策，如繁殖分配和性分配问题，试图揭示这些植物如何适应环境条件，最后的结果表明： 1高寒草甸高海拔区，自交植物(如小花草玉梅A.rivularis和钝裂银莲花A.obtusiloba)的繁殖不受花粉限制，而完全异交植物(毛茛状金莲花T.ranunculoides)的繁殖受花粉限制，表明高海拔地区植物的白花授粉能力可能是一种繁殖保障机制，能够避免恶劣环境对植物有性繁殖的不利影响； 2海拔高度对植物的影响因种而异，不同的物种受影响的繁殖性状不同，即使同属亲缘种间也存在差异，表明不同物种对相似环境压力的适应对策不同；而且，海拔高度对植物的影响在一定程度上依赖于植物个体大小，说明植物通过调整其个体大小与繁殖性状的关系来适应环境梯度的变化； 3植物花期和果期的繁殖分配并不完全随海拔升高而减小(只有小花草玉梅的果期RA随海拔升高而减小30％)，与Iwasa和Cohen的预测不完全一致(他们认为繁殖分配随生长季缩短而减小)。

The average percent value of G C (49.3%) was less than that of A T (50.7%), there was a bias of the content of G, T in the third codon; The number of transition G-A and T-C were 22, 15 respectively, which were higher than that of transition A-G and C-T, the number of tranversion C-A, T-G is 2 respectively, and other tranversion patterns didnt occur; the probability of transition was higher than that of tranversion , Ts/Tv = 9.5-19, there was the highest number of transition in the third codon. The gamma parameter a of the lst,nd and 3rd codon positions were 0.00572,0.01237 and 1.05239 respectively, they showed that there was adifferent substitution rate at different codon position. Frequences of synonymous codon usage were relatively biased. The average rates of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution were 0.0787, 0.0011 respectively, there was a significant difference between dS and dN (Z = 4.713, p.01), and the low ratio( CD = 0.0284 .3) of dN/dS ratio impled that there were selective constraints against the nonsynonymous sites in cyt-b gene, The distribution of nonsynonymous codon substitution pattern related to Grantharm distance indicated that the purified selection at 2nd codon positions was more intensive than that at 1st codon positions. The phylogenetic trees supported the view of the double origin of Chinese goose, which means that domestic Chinese goose was derived from Anser cygnoides and domestic European goose, and Yili was derived from Anser anser.

碱基含量分析可知，序列的G C含量(49.3％)＜A T含量(50.7％)，密码子第三位点的G、T含量都有较强的偏倚性；序列间G→A和T→C的转换数(22次和15次)高于A→G和C→T的转换数(10次和9次)，C→A、T→G颠换数均为2次，其余颠换模式均未发生；转换数明显高于颠换数，Ts／Tv=9.5～19，密码子第三位点的转换数最高，呈现了相当强烈的转换偏倚性；密码子第一、二和三位点的gamma分布参数α值分别为0.00572、0.01237和1.05239，表明密码子第一位点的替换速率变异最大，第二位点次之，第三位点的替换速率变异相对较小；编码同一氨基酸的同义密码子并非随机使用，表现出一定程度的使用偏倚性；同义替换速率和非同义替换速率分别为0.0787和0.0011，dS与dN值间的差异极显著(Z=4.713，p＜0.01)，而ω=0.0284，明显小于0.3，表明雁属鹅细胞色素b基因序列经历了中度净化选择作用；单步非同义替换(Sing-step nonsymonymous codon substitution，SSNCS)分布模式与Grantharm距离之间的关系说明密码子的三个位点所受的净化选择强度不同；构建的最大简约树与邻接树拓扑结构一致，支持中国家鹅的双起源学说，即除伊犁鹅外的其它中国鹅品种起源于鸿雁，伊犁鹅和欧洲的郎德鹅、莱茵鹅起源于灰雁。

Xiangzuo and Youjiao, Xiang Youzhi and Qiangfu were not in proportional relationship between the associate administrator and the master administrator, both of them belonged to the hierarchy of the county administrators and worked under the county government in the areas of civil affairs, legislation, social security, production management, tax collection and recruiting corvees, which was the basis for the county government.

简牍资料表明，汉代的乡因辖区和人口分为不同级别，其性质是县政权的分支机构；乡佐、游徼与乡有秩、啬夫并非是一一对应的辅吏与主吏的关系，而是同属县吏序列，受命县廷行使民政、司法、社会治安、生产管理诸权，征缴赋税，征发徭役，是县政府行使其统治权力的基础，乡官部吏的行为直接关系到地方政治运作质量和社会秩序的稳定与否。

Last through the equation analysis to philosophical plane, we found: This article does not negate the particles in the second, instead of a degree in physics in promoting the development of the basic conceptual material, spin with isospin,the two factor are the fundamental properties, quality and charges in a certain sense, there is a relationship.

最后通过这一关系式的分析，上升至哲学层面，我们发现：这篇文章并没有否定实物粒子的波粒二象性，反而一定程度上推动了物理学在物质基本概念上的发展，二旋性才是物质的根本属性，质量和电荷在一定意义上是有关系的，引力作用和电磁作用同属一种作用的不同侧面。

From the phylogenetic tree constructed for IGF-I, the homology was as high as 95%, which revealed the relative relation between them was more closely than with others and give molecular biology support for the resolution of position and classification of lesser panda.

利用IGF-Ⅰ基因构建的进化树上，大熊猫和小熊猫此基因的同源性达到95%，并且显示小熊猫与大熊猫的亲缘关系与其它哺乳动物相比要近的多，为大熊猫及小熊猫的分类学提供了分子生物学的依据，但这样的结果也许与IGF-Ⅰ在物种间的高度保守性有关，我们认为，对于大小熊猫是否同属一科还需要进一步的研究。

One is to unearth more precious heritages and relics which can make Quemoy as the well-known academic focus, while the other is to transform Quemoy into the new life community of Quemoy-Amoy, which will be as important as Shanghai Economic District, with the global point of views based on academics.

成大表示，改变金门首先透过文化的力量，发掘珍贵的闽南文化资产，使金门成为世界知名的学术研究重镇。其次藉由学术的专业，以全方位的视野规划21世纪新金门的发展蓝图，促使新金厦生活圈成形，作为与上海经济特区同属西太平洋通往亚洲大陆的重要据点。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。