同型的

During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

The performance and mechanism of corrosion inhibitions of POCA were studied bymethods such as weight-loss, electrochemistry, EDS, XPS and quantum chemistry. It isfound that POCA is cathodic corrosion inhibitor, having synergistic effect with HEDP andZn~(2+). The P and O atoms of phosphono have important electron density contribution toHOMO orbital and the electron gross orbital population is bigger than 1, so it is easy toform absorbing location between phosphono and metal resulting in good corrosioninhibition on mild steel.

通过利用失重法、电化学方法、扫描电镜、X光电子能谱、X-射线能谱和量子化学方法研究膦酰基羧酸的缓蚀性能及其机理，发现POCA是一种阴极型缓蚀剂，与HEDP、Zn~(2+)具有优良的协同增效作用；POCA分子中的膦酰基基团的P原子和O原子对HOMO轨道电荷密度贡献较大，且其轨道电子布居数均大于1，因此比较容易通过膦基与金属形成吸附位而对碳钢具有良好的缓蚀作用；对铜合金具有一定的腐蚀作用，但腐蚀作用比HEDP等有机膦药剂要小得多，同时与BTA具有优良的相容性，添加1mg／L的BTA则可以有效地防止铜合金的腐蚀。

The changing rocks are the embodiment of Lou Quanmu's art:seemingly carefree but intrinsically restrained. In a statement Lou said:"Mountain rocks possess forms that are both abstract and figurative, their shapes are paralleled to our mental topology, and their apertured, coarse textures are like our nerves."

罗荃木对山石的想法表现了对艺术的追求，作品既自由又抑郁，即同其述：「山石是介于抽象和具象之间的形象，可以按照内心的感觉自由行走，在任何地方多一点或少一点，不被形所限制，山石的型态有点像心灵的地图，布满奇怪的洞穴，它的肌里几乎是神经质的」。

The changing rocks are the embodiment of Luo Quanmu's art:seemingly carefree but intrinsically restrained. In a statement Luo said:"Mountain rocks possess forms that are both abstract and figurative, their shapes are paralleled to our mental topology, and their apertured, coarse textures are like our nerves."

罗荃木对山石的想法表现了对艺术的追求，作品既自由又抑郁，即同其述：「山石是介于抽象和具象之间的形象，可以按照内心的感觉自由行走，在任何地方多一点或少一点，不被形所限制，山石的型态有点像心灵的地图，布满奇怪的洞穴，它的肌里几乎是神经质的」。

Fill a tulip-shaped glass with red wine to one third of a full glass (5cm from the foot of the bottom).Observe the wine. Lean 45 degrees to check its color against a white background. Fine dry red wine looks clear and glossy. By observing the color and tone of the wine, you coukd make good judgment about its maturity. Usually the deeper in yellow tone it looks, the more aged the wine is; the paler in color or deeper in purple tone it looks, the less aged the wine is.Smell the wine. Gently shake the glass for better contact between wine and air until the aroma of the wine evaporates enough. Reach your nose into the glass, smell gently and quickly. Fine red wine is rich in aroma, dense and subtle, with both the aroma from grape and the matching oak fragrance.Taste the wine. Take a deep sip, simultaneously draw in the air over the wine, whirl the wine inside every part of your mouth, fully appreciate its flavor before swallowing. Sense the aftertaste and make a good judgment of its potential quality.

试酒 首先，将红酒倒入郁金香型杯中，倒至酒杯的三分之一处（距杯角约5厘米处）即可，倾斜45度，对着白色的背景看颜色，好的干红葡萄酒应该是清澈、有光泽，根据葡萄酒颜色的深浅及色调，也可以判断出红酒的成熟度，同常红葡萄酒颜色越深、黄色调越重酒越老，颜色越浅、紫色调越重酒越年轻；闻香味，酒杯轻轻晃动，促使酒与空气接触，使酒的香气释放出来，然后将鼻探入杯中，短促的轻闻，红葡萄酒香味丰富、浓烈而复杂，既有葡萄本身所发出的果香，又有因在橡木桶中醇化而产生的丰富和谐的橡木香；然后品尝味道，深啜一口，同时吸入酒上方的空气，并让酒在口中打转，使之到达口腔的每一个部位，充分品尝它的味道，最后将酒下咽，同时感觉酒下咽喉后留在口中的滋味，体会它的余韵以判断酒是否有潜质。

Wire electrode based on the trajectory of the different forms of control, WEDM can be divided into three types: one is shaped by the imitation controlled cutting in line in advance and work to create the same shape by mold, when processing the workpiece at the same time rough and on the mold clamping in the machine tool table, in the process of cutting wire electrode tightly against the mold on the edge of the track for the mobile, thus cutting out and die on the same shape and precision to the workpiece; another One is the electro-optical tracking control, to carry out the cutting line, before the basis of certain parts to enlarge the proportion of drawings depicts an electro-optical tracking map-processing machines will be placed in design stage of electro-optical tracking, tracking platform Photoelectric first line of graphics has always been to follow the track of the Mexican campaign, and then through the use of electrical, mechanical linkage to control the machine tool table, together with the workpiece so相似形wire electrode relative movement, thus cutting out the same shape and design to the workpiece; again a digital control, the use of advanced automatic control of digital technology-driven machine tool in accordance with the pre-processing parameters according to the workpiece geometry pre-processing procedures for the preparation of a good CNC auto-complete processing, the production does not require appearance on board the need to map to enlarge map of the previous two form of control has a higher machining accuracy and a broad range of applications, both at home and abroad more than 95% have adopted WEDM NC.

根据对电极丝运动轨迹的控制形式不同，电火花线切割机床又可分为三种：一种是靠模仿形控制，其在进行线切割加工前，预先制造出与工件形状相同的靠模，加工时把工件毛坯和靠模同时装夹在机床工作台上，在切割过程中电极丝紧紧地贴着靠模边缘作轨迹移动，从而切割出与靠模形状和精度相同的工件来；另一种是光电跟踪控制，其在进行线切割加工前，先根据零件图样按一定放大比例描绘出一张光电跟踪图，加工时将图样置于机床的光电跟踪台上，跟踪台上的光电头始终追随墨线图形的轨迹运动，再借助于电气、机械的联动，控制机床工作台连同工件相对电极丝做相似形的运动，从而切割出与图样形状相同的工件来；再一种是数字程序控制，采用先进的数字化自动控制技术，驱动机床按照加工前根据工件几何形状参数预先编制好的数控加工程序自动完成加工，不需要制作靠模样板也无需绘制放大图，比前面两种控制形式具有更高的加工精度和广阔的应用范围，目前国内外95%以上的电火花线切割机床都已采用数控化。切割属电加工范畴，是由前苏联人发明的，我国是第一个用于工业生产的国家，当时由复但大学和苏州长风机械厂合作生产的这是最早的机型叫复旦型，我们国内在此基础上发展了快走丝系统。欧美和日本发展了慢走系统LS

Because solid fat has polymorphism and special composition, it can bind liquid fat. Beef tallow was added into oil phase to improve the stability of artificial beef fat. Third-grade soybean oil took the place of plant oil iii proportion to improve the color of beef fat.

在前期研究的基础上，通过在油相中添加牛油，应用油脂的同质多晶型特点及牛油的特殊组成来提高肥牛脂肪的稳定性；用一级大豆油与三级大豆油适当调配，来改善肥牛脂肪的颜色。

This paper presents conductive polymer molecular materials with insulating powder, mixed into the deployment of surge suppressors for low capacitance of paste, while the component design concept is based on the field of passive components, manufacturing process to make the basic theory to design the protective components, the main use of the existing ceramic substrate for the component body structure design, screen design in the body through the structure of the gap at the top of the printing layer of a different conductors, and then to learning to know the printing process technologies approach the low capacitance of the surge suppressor paste cover the gap in the two conductors, and by the resistance of plastic burning process technology, the temperature of sintering parts made of electrostatic protection element, and this protection through the external ESD components in bombardment tests, measurement of capacitance electrostatic discharge after bombardment, Trigger voltage and leakage current data, and the volume measured by the results of future discussion of the layout of this different style of work in the same area, different clearance, solid content and temperature than the next, for the attainment of performance components, a low capacitance ESD protection devices with low breakdown voltage requirements and to chip-based protection devices can be designed to integrate with the advanced Integrated Circuits or used independent of the electrostatic protection element in the system.

本文提出高分子导电分子材料搭配绝缘粉末，调配混合成适用於低电容突波抑制器之PASTE，而元件设计概念是以被动元件制程领域作基础理论去设计此防护元件，主体利用现有陶瓷基板为元件本体结构设计，在经由网版设计在本体结构上方印刷一层不同的间隙导体，再以习知印刷制程技术方式，将低电容突波抑制器之PASTE覆盖在两导体的间隙内，并经由电阻制程习知塑烧技术，将元件烧结适当温度制成静电防护元件；而此防护元件在经外加静电放电轰击测试后，量测静电放电轰击后的电容、Trigger voltage及漏电流相关数据，并藉由测结果讨此同的布局样式，在相同工作区面积、不同间隙、固含量与温度比下，对於元件效能是否达到静电防护元件低电容与低崩溃电压的需求，并藉此晶片型防护元件可设计整合於先进积体电或应用於独系统的静电防护元件中。

Hierarchical Clustering of 6 sheep populations based on 17 quantity indexes including body measurements, ecological and morphological characters indicates that 6 sheep populations can be classified in two types: the first includes Mongolia sheep and Tan sheep distributed in husbandry area and the juncture of agriculture and husbandry area, the second includes Daweihan sheep , Xiaoweihan sheep , Tong sheep , Hu sheep distributed in agriculture area.

以概括体尺、形态、生态特征的17项数量指标为基础的6个群体的系统聚类表明：6个绵羊群体被划分为二大类，一类为牧区及农牧交错区的蒙古羊、滩羊，另一类为农区的大尾寒羊、小尾寒羊、同羊、湖羊。17项数量指标的主成分分析，用已构造的各群体的主成份值进行R型系统聚类，获得与前者类似结果。

Through the operation of nakamaishiki within the homosocial community and heterotopian mapping in fujoshi visual rhetoric, Enomoto's Kokoro adaptation not only strategically unveils the queerness in Soseki's literary canon, but also cogently challenges the ways in which Japanese mainstream culture represents or conceals homoeroticism.

偏的镜头动向，以及迷的酷儿视觉风格，造成一种介於电影映画与漫画之间的视觉再现。榎本版的《心》透过同性社交共同体「仲间意」的运作，以及腐视觉修辞中的同性欲之质空间型构，仅策性转译「正典」蕴含的「酷儿性」，让正典「出柜」，也对日本特定主文化中呈现及遮蔽同性情欲的方式提出质疑。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。